Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34570438›Full record

ReviewJournal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution2022

Theories, laws, and models in evo-devo.

Michael K Richardson

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Introducing the EpGEpigenomes · 2025
    Article
  4. The Interplay of Ontogeny and Phylogeny at the Transcriptome Level of the Tetrapod Heart.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2025
    Article
  5. Enigmatic Nodal and Lefty gene repertoire discrepancy: Latent evolutionary history revealed by vertebrate-wide phylogeny.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Parasitic fish embryos do a "front-flip" on the yolk to resist expulsion from the host.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Theories, laws, and models in evo-devo.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Michael K RichardsonSylvius Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) is the study of the evolution of developmental mechanisms. Here, I review some of the theories, models, and laws in evo-devo, past and present. Nineteenth-century evo-devo was dominated by recapitulation theory and archetypes. It also gave us germ layer theory, the vertebral theory of the skull, floral organs as modified leaves, and the "inverted invertebrate" theory, among others. Newer theories and models include the frameshift theory, the genetic toolkit for development, the ABC model of flower development, the developmental hourglass, the zootype, Urbilateria, and the hox code. Some of these new theories show the influence of archetypes and recapitulation. Interestingly, recent studies support the old "primordial leaf," "inverted invertebrate," and "segmented head" theories. Furthermore, von Baer's first three laws may now need to be rehabilitated, and the hourglass model modified, in view of what Abzhanov has pointed out about the maternal-zygotic transition. There are many supposed "laws" of evo-devo but I argue that these are merely generalizations about trends in particular lineages. I argue that the "body plan" is an archetype, and is often used in such a way that it lacks any scientific meaning. Looking to the future, one challenge for evo-devo will be to develop new theories and models to accommodate the wealth of new data from high-throughput sequencing, including single-cell sequencing. One step in this direction is the use of sophisticated in silico analyses, as in the "transcriptomic hourglass" models.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionDevelopmental BiologyAnimalsEmbryonic DevelopmentTranscriptomeevo-devohourglassphylotypic periodphylotypic stagerecapitulationregulatory evolutionzootype

Identifiers

PMID34570438
PMCPMC9292786

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.