Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34570366›Full record

ArticleChild development2022

What's in a word? Cross-linguistic influences on Spanish-English and Chinese-English bilingual children's word reading development.

Xin Sun, Kehui Zhang, Rebecca A Marks, Nia Nickerson, Rachel L Eggleston, Chi-Lin Yu, Tai-Li Chou, Twila Tardif, Ioulia Kovelman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Child development, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

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  6. What's in the Sound? Common and Language-Specific Patterns in Brain Activation and Functional Connectivity for Phonological Awareness in Spanish-English Bilinguals.Mind, brain and education : the official journal of the International Mind, Brain, and Education Society · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xin SunDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5500-0620
Kehui ZhangDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Rebecca A MarksDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Nia NickersonDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Rachel L EgglestonDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Chi-Lin YuDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Tai-Li ChouDepartment of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Twila TardifDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Ioulia KovelmanDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Funding

Impact of heritage language on bilingual children's path to English literacy (Diversity Supplement R01 HD092498)R01HD092498 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI KOVELMAN, IOULIA · 2018 to 2023
$2.1M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD092498
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the cross-linguistic transfer of literacy skills in Spanish-English, Chinese-English bilingual, and English monolingual children (N = 283, 5-10 years). Research question 1 examines English literacy and asks how phonological and morpho-semantic skills contribute to word reading as a function of children's language background. Structural equation modeling revealed contrasting bilingual effects: compared to English monolinguals, Spanish-English bilinguals relied more on phonological awareness in word reading, whereas Chinese-English bilinguals relied more on lexical knowledge. Research question 2 examines relations between bilinguals' heritage language proficiency and English literacy. Results revealed direct and indirect effects of heritage language meta-linguistic skills on English word reading. The study yields implications for reading theories and instructional practices in optimizing literacy in linguistically diverse children.

Indexed as

LanguageMultilingualismChildChinaHumansLinguisticsReading

Identifiers

PMID34570366
PMCPMC8766884

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.