ReviewCurrent opinion in neurology2021
T cell dysfunction in glioblastoma: a barrier and an opportunity for the development of successful immunotherapies.
Review in Current opinion in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- The unsolvable problem of traumatic brain injury (or how to stop wasting money in fruitless research).Surgical neurology international · 2026Review
- The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Next-generation immunotherapy biologics for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- ATP11B triggers the infiltration of T cells into GBM and intensifies anti-GBM immunity by upregulating and externalizing S1PR1.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Disulfidptosis as a key regulator of glioblastoma progression and immune cell impairment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of "IL-15 and CCL19" -secreting CAR-T cells in human glioblastoma orthotopic xenograft model.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to reveal and overcome T-cell dysfunction in gastric cancer: translation from basic research to clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Glioblastoma and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Glance at Available Treatment Options and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Image-Guided Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Radionuclide Therapy for Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- Lessons learned from phase 3 trials of immunotherapy for glioblastoma: Time for longitudinal sampling?Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Glioblastoma-Current Concepts and Promising Future.Cells · 2023Review
- Immune-checkpoint inhibitors for glioblastoma: what have we learned?Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2022Review
- The complex interactions between the cellular and non-cellular components of the brain tumor microenvironmental landscape and their therapeutic implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Tumor Evasion: Focus on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewImmunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade have revolutionized cancer treatment, but current approaches have failed to improve outcomes in glioblastoma and other brain tumours. T cell dysfunction has emerged as one of the major barriers for the development of central nervous system (CNS)-directed immunotherapy. Here, we explore the unique requirements that T cells must fulfil to ensure immune surveillance in the CNS, and we analyse T cell dysfunction in glioblastoma (GBM) through the prism of CNS-resident immune responses. RECENT
findingsUsing comprehensive and unbiased techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing, multiple studies have dissected the transcriptional state of CNS-resident T cells that patrol the homeostatic brain. A similar approach has revealed that in GBM, tumour-infiltrating T cells lack the hallmarks of antigen-driven exhaustion typical of melanoma and other solid tumours, suggesting the need for better presentation of tumour-derived antigens. Consistently, in a mouse model of GBM, increasing lymphatic drainage to the cervical lymph node was sufficient to promote tumour rejection. SUMMARY: For the success of future immunotherapy strategies, further work needs to explore the natural history of dysfunction in GBM tumour-infiltrating T cells, establish whether these originate from CNS-resident T cells and how they can be manipulated therapeutically.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.