ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2022
Potential long-term effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors on dementia risk: A propensity score matched retrospective cohort study in US veterans.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05522387 (An Open Label Extension of XPro1595 in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease That Have Completed a Phase 1 or Phase 2 Study With XPro1595), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open Label Extension of XPro1595 in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease That Have Completed a Phase 1 or Phase 2 Study With XPro1595
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Gene regulatory network analysis identifies auranofin as an anti-atherosclerotic drug.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- TNF inhibition differentially impacts regional Abeta immunotherapy efficacy in the humanized hAbAlzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Joint-brain communication in rheumatoid arthritis: glial mechanisms, pain phenotypes, and translational evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Impact of rheumatoid arthritis on Alzheimer's disease: A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2025Article
- Impaired Synaptic Plasticity Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- KGiA: Drug repurposing through disease-aware knowledge graph augmentation.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2025Article
- Associations of semaglutide with Alzheimer's disease-related dementias in patients with type 2 diabetes: A real-world target trial emulation study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Impact of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs on Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- Association of Rheumatoid Arthritis With Progression of Cognitive Impairment and Risk of Mortality in People With Dementia.Neurology · 2025Article
- Impact of TNF inhibitors on inflammation-associated cognitive dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Cognitive impairment in individuals with rheumatic diseases: the role of systemic inflammation, immunomodulatory medications, and comorbidities.The Lancet. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Antidepressant exposure and long-term dementia risk in a nationwide retrospective study on US veterans with midlife major depressive disorder.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors with Incident Dementia: Analysis Based on Population-Based Cohort Studies.Drugs & aging · 2024Article
- TNF-α Levels Are Increased in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Are Negatively Correlated with β Amyloid-42.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Therapeutics and Beyond.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Article
- Identification of circulating proteins associated with general cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Association of Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome with Sarcopenia and Systemic Inflammation in Pre-Frail Older Adults.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Association of Aspirin Use with Reduced Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease in Elderly Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their potential to retard Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression has been reported. However, their long-term effects on the dementia/AD risk remain unknown.
methodsA propensity scored matched retrospective cohort study was conducted among 40,207 patients with RA within the US Veterans Affairs health-care system from 2000 to 2020.
resultsA total of 2510 patients with RA prescribed TNF inhibitors were 1:2 matched to control patients. TNF inhibitor use was associated with reduced dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-0.80), which was consistent as the study period increased from 5 to 20 years after RA diagnosis. TNF inhibitor use also showed a long-term effect in reducing the risk of AD (HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39-0.83) during the 20 years of follow-up.
conclusionTNF inhibitor use is associated with lower long-term risk of dementia/AD among US veterans with RA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.