ArticleJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA2022
Transphobia, encoded: an examination of trans-specific terminology in SNOMED CT and ICD-10-CM.
Article in Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improving radiology information systems for inclusivity of transgender and gender-diverse patients: what are the problems and what are the solutions? A systematic review.Journal of medical radiation sciences · 2024Pooled it
- When algorithms infer gender: revisiting computational phenotyping with electronic health records data.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- In defense of empathic informatics.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2025Article
- Patient perspectives on safety and privacy in sexual orientation and gender identity data collection.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2025Article
- Factors Associated with Completeness of Sex and Gender Fields in Electronic Health Records.LGBT health · 2025Observational
- Barriers to correct pronoun usage in healthcare settings.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Causes of Death of Transgender and Gender Diverse Veterans.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Opportunity to Integrate the American Medical Association's Inclusive Language Guidance.Health equity · 2024Article
- Transgender Individuals and Digital Health.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- Digital Health Equity: Addressing Power, Usability, and Trust to Strengthen Health Systems.Yearbook of medical informatics · 2022Review
- Pediatric sexual orientation and gender identity data collection in the electronic health record.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2022Article
- Informatics for sex- and gender-related health: understanding the problems, developing new methods, and designing new solutions.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transgender people experience harassment, denial of services, and physical assault during healthcare visits. Electronic health record (EHR) structure and language can exacerbate the harm they experience by using transphobic terminology, emphasizing binary genders, and pathologizing transness. Here, we investigate the ways in which SNOMED CT and ICD-10-CM record gender-related terminology and explore their shortcomings as they contribute to this EHR-mediated violence. We discuss how this "standardized" gender-related medical terminology pathologizes transness, fails to accommodate nonbinary patients, and uses derogatory and outmoded language. We conclude that there is no easy fix to the transphobia beleaguering healthcare, provide options to reduce harm to patients, and ultimately call for a critical examination of medicine's role in transphobia. We aim to demonstrate the ways in which the [mis]use and [mis]understanding of gender-specific terminology in healthcare settings has harmed and continues to harm trans people by grounding our discussion in our personal experiences.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.