ReviewExpert opinion on investigational drugs2022
The emerging role of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer.
Review in Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct biological and molecular characteristics of breast cancer in young women: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy innovations in triple-negative breast cancer: targeting checkpoints, combinations, and biomarkers.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- An injectable hydrogel enhances intratumoral retention and antitumor efficacy of cytokine immunotherapy in murine triple negative breast tumor models.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Suppression of B7-H7 Enhanced MCF-7 Cancer Cell Line's Chemosensitivity to Paclitaxel.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- HLA-DR expression in cytotoxic T lymphocytes: a key to boost the therapeutic potential of T cell-based strategies for breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Covalent organic frameworks for cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, applications, and prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Exceptional Response to Pembrolizumab in Metastatic ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer With Liver Metastases: A Case Report and Literature Review.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2025Article
- Marine seaweed endophytic fungi-derived active metabolites promote reactive oxygen species-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Intratumoral delivery of immunotherapy to treat breast cancer: current development in clinical and preclinical studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment's Role in Breast Cancer: A Glimpse into Promising Frontiers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Clinical Considerations for the Integration of Adjuvant Olaparib into Practice for Early Breast Cancer: A Canadian Perspective.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Predictive power of tertiary lymphoid structure signature for neoadjuvant chemotherapy response and immunotherapy benefit in HER2-negative breast cancer.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2023Article
- Recent Advances with Precision Medicine Treatment for Breast Cancer including Triple-Negative Sub-Type.Cancers · 2023Review
- Defining the Emergence of New Immunotherapy Approaches in Breast Cancer: Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Combination of Immune Checkpoint Blockade with Tumor Vessel Normalization as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Breast Cancer: An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Other Immune Therapies in Breast Cancer: A New Paradigm for Prolonged Adjuvant Immunotherapy.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionBreast cancer has traditionally been viewed as immunogenically 'cold,' but two immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved in combination with chemotherapy for PD-L1 positive advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and pembrolizumab was also recently approved for early stage TNBC. As the landscape is rapidly evolving, a comprehensive review of checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer is needed to aid clinicians in selecting appropriate candidates for therapy, and to highlight ongoing promising studies in this area and topics in need of further investigation. AREA COVERED: This review summarizes the latest evidence from completed and ongoing trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Ongoing studies were identified using a search of ClinicalTrials.gov with the term 'breast cancer' along with specific checkpoint inhibitor agents. EXPERT OPINION: A number of novel combination strategies are under investigation to enhance response and overcome resistance to immunotherapy, with promising preliminary data from checkpoint inhibitors targeting TIGIT, combinations with small molecule inhibitors such as lenvatinib, and injectable agents directly influencing the immune microenvironment. As immunotherapy enters into the curative setting, biomarkers predictive of immunotherapy benefit are needed, as PD-L1 status has not been a helpful discriminator in completed trials in early-stage breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.