ReviewInternational journal of surgery open2020
The transmission modes and sources of COVID-19: A systematic review.
Review in International journal of surgery open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- COVID-19 and pregnancy: An umbrella review of clinical presentation, vertical transmission, and maternal and perinatal outcomes.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 and the role of fomite transmission: a systematic review.F1000Research · 2021Pooled it
- "It Happened to Me and It's Serious": Conditional Indirect Effects of Infection Severity Narrated in Testimonial Tweets on COVID-19 Prevention.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Global status, bias risks, and ecological integration of wild bat and rodent virome research.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Exploring Spike-Dependent and ACE2-Independent SARS-CoV-2 Interactions with Salivary Epithelial Cells in the Absence of ACE2.Biology · 2026Article
- An account of health systems resilience to emergencies in Africa: a scoping review.Globalization and health · 2026Article
- Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response in Healthcare Workers: Benefit of Prior Infection and Heterologous Boosting on Anti-Spike IgG Immunity.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Observational
- SARS-CoV-2 pseudoparticles preferentially infect ectoderm in human embryonic tissues.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Geographical and Ecological Drivers of Zoonotic Viral Spillover: A Review of Emerging and Re-emerging Outbreaks.Cureus · 2025Review
- The impact of temperature and relative humidity on SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission in Syrian hamsters.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Patient Perspective on Dental Care Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey During Omicron Stage.Journal of patient experience · 2025Article
- Emerging priorities and concerns in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: qualitative and quantitative findings from a United States national survey.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on handwashing practices among community members in the middle belt of Ghana: evidence from a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Concurrent emergencies: overlappingFrontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Comparison between abdominal CT findings in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients with Covid-19: experience from a tertiary care hospital.African health sciences · 2023Observational
- Complexity of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maringá.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Linkages between COVID-19, solar UV radiation, and the Montreal Protocol.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023Article
- Arthralgia among Patients with COVID-19 Infection Admitted to the Department of Medicine of a Tertiary Care centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2023Article
- Assessment of knowledge, accessibility, and adherence to the use of personal protective equipment and standard preventive practices among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current rampant coronavirus infection in humans, commonly known as COVID-19, a pandemic that may cause mortality in humans, has been declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO). The morbidity and mortality rates due to the pandemic are increasing rapidly worldwide, with the USA most affected by the disease. The source COVID-19 is not absolutely clear; however, the disease may be transmitted by either by COVID-19-positive individuals or from a contaminated environment. In this review, we focused on how the COVID-19 virus is transmitted in the community. An extensive literature search was conducted using specific keywords and criteria. Based on the published report, it is concluded that COVID-19 is primarily transmitted human-to-human via oral and respiratory aerosols and droplets with the virus-contaminated environment play a lesser role in the propagation of disease. Healthcare providers and the elderly with comorbidities are especially susceptible to the infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.