Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34568298›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2021

Liposomes: Structure, Biomedical Applications, and Stability Parameters With Emphasis on Cholesterol.

Pooria Nakhaei, Ria Margiana, Dmitry O Bokov, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Mohammad Amin Jadidi Kouhbanani, Rajender S Varma, Faroogh Marofi, Mostafa Jarahian, Nasrin Beheshtkhoo

RetractedAbstract readReviewRetracted Publication
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 156 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
156citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

156 citing papers in PubMed.

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  13. β-Lapachone encapsulated into stealth liposomes: inhibition of biofilm and cell wall thickness of MRSA.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
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96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Pooria NakhaeiSchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ria MargianaDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Dmitry O BokovInstitute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Walid Kamal AbdelbassetDepartment of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad Amin Jadidi KouhbananiDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Czechia.
Rajender S VarmaRegional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.
Faroogh MarofiDepartment of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Mostafa JarahianToxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
Nasrin BeheshtkhooDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Czechia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Liposomes are essentially a subtype of nanoparticles comprising a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head constituting a phospholipid membrane. The spherical or multilayered spherical structures of liposomes are highly rich in lipid contents with numerous criteria for their classification, including structural features, structural parameters, and size, synthesis methods, preparation, and drug loading. Despite various liposomal applications, such as drug, vaccine/gene delivery, biosensors fabrication, diagnosis, and food products applications, their use encounters many limitations due to physico-chemical instability as their stability is vigorously affected by the constituting ingredients wherein cholesterol performs a vital role in the stability of the liposomal membrane. It has well established that cholesterol exerts its impact by controlling fluidity, permeability, membrane strength, elasticity and stiffness, transition temperature (Tm), drug retention, phospholipid packing, and plasma stability. Although the undetermined optimum amount of cholesterol for preparing a stable and controlled release vehicle has been the downside, but researchers are still focused on cholesterol as a promising material for the stability of liposomes necessitating explanation for the stability promotion of liposomes. Herein, the prior art pertaining to the liposomal appliances, especially for drug delivery in cancer therapy, and their stability emphasizing the roles of cholesterol.

Indexed as

cholesterolcompoundslipidsliposomestability

Identifiers

PMID34568298
PMCPMC8459376

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.