ArticleAnnals of global health2021
Adult Lead Poisoning Caused by Contaminated Opium: A Two-Year Longitudinal Follow-Up Study.
Article in Annals of global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heavy Metal Toxicity in Clinical and Environmental Health: Sources, Mechanisms, Diagnostics, and Evidence-Based Management of Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Unveiling a hidden hazard: lead poisoning from hobbyist activities and its long-term impact.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2025Article
- Oral Zeolite Therapy for Management of Mild to Moderate Lead Poisoning: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: A major episode of lead poisoning caused by lead-adulterated opium occurred in Iran in 2016. Patients were removed from exposure and treated with chelating agents. A subset of those patients was evaluated in this follow-up study to evaluate treatment efficacy in relation to patient outcome. Methods: Between March 2016 and December 2017, thirty-five male cases of lead poisoning due to ingestion of lead-adulterated opium were followed for two years. There are three patient groups: 1) those who abstained from opium use; 2) those who continued to use potentially contaminated opium; and 3) those who abstained from opium and were placed on maintenance therapy. Maintenance therapy included: methadone and opium tincture, offered by the Opioid Maintenance Therapy (OMT) clinics. Amongst the three patient groups Blood Lead Levels (BLL), complete blood count, and kidney and liver function tests were compared. Findings: The results of BLL, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly different between the admission time and follow-up. Of the three patient groups, no difference was detected in these measures. Conclusions: Treatment of lead poisoning combined with OMT proved an effective method to prevent recurrent lead poisoning.
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Registered trials
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