ReviewCardiology research and practice2021
Cardiac Outpouchings: Definitions, Differential Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approach.
Review in Cardiology research and practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unique Prenatal Diagnosis of a Coronary Sinus Aneurysm.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Case Report: A rare coexistence in children: constrictive pericarditis, atrial septal defect, and cardiac diverticulum.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prenatal Diagnosis and Management of a Large Congenital Left Ventricular Aneurysm.CASE (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Successful management of a delayed-presented and complicated right ventricular pseudoaneurysm: a case report and literature review.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Review
- Ventricular Rupture With Pseudoaneurysm Causing Compression Effect on the Right Ventricular Cavity.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- Cardiac MRI in the diagnosis and management of left ventricular pseudoaneurysms with previous myocardial infarction: A report of two cases.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm in an Adult With a Repaired Partial Atrioventricular Canal Defect.CASE (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Giant inferobasal left ventricular pseudoaneurysm postinfarction.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
- Multimodality Imaging of an Idiopathic Left Ventricular Aneurysm Presenting With Frequent Premature Ventricular Beats.CASE (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
- Cross-sectional imaging findings of cardiac outpouchings.Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey) · 2023Review
- Dilated left ventricle with multiple outpouchings - a severe congenital ventricular diverticulum or left-dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsCardiac outpouchings encounter a series of distinct congenital or acquired entities (i.e. aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, diverticula, and herniations), whose knowledge is still poorly widespread in clinical practice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview focusing on definition, differential diagnosis, and prognostic outcomes of cardiac outpouchings, as well as further insights on therapeutic options, in order to assist physicians in the most appropriate decision-making.
methodsThe material reviewed was obtained by the following search engines: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Clinical Trials databases, from January 1966 until March 2021. We searched for the following keywords (in title and/or abstract): ("cardiac" OR "heart") AND ("outpouching" OR "outpouch" OR "aneurysm" OR "pseudoaneurysm" OR "false aneurysm" OR "diverticulum" OR "herniation"). Review articles, original articles, case series, and case reports with literature review were included in our search. Data from patients with congenital or acquired cardiac outpouchings, from prenatal to geriatric age range, were investigated.
resultsOut of the 378 papers initially retrieved, 165 duplicates and 84 records in languages other than English were removed. Among the 129 remaining articles, 76 were included in our research material, on the basis of the following inclusion criteria: (a) papers pertaining to the research topic; (b) peer-reviewed articles; (c) using standardized diagnostic criteria; and (d) reporting raw prevalence data. Location, morphologic features, wall motion abnormalities, and tissue characterization were found to have a significant impact in recognition and differential diagnosis of cardiac outpouchings as well as to play a significant role in defining their natural history and prognostic outcomes.
conclusionsCareful recognition of cardiac outpouchings remains a diagnostic challenge in clinical practice. Due to a broad cluster of distinctive and heterogeneous entities, their knowledge and timely recognition play a pivotal role in order to provide the most appropriate clinical management and therapeutic approach.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.