Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34567704›Full record

ArticleMicrosystems & nanoengineering2020

Rapid micro-immunohistochemistry.

Robert D Lovchik, David Taylor, Govind Kaigala

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microsystems & nanoengineering, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Virtual Overlay Staining With Plasmonic Oligomer Metasurface.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. HIG-2 promotes glioma stemness and radioresistance mediated by IGFBP2-rich microparticles in hypoxia.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Robert D LovchikIBM Research Europe, Saeumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rueschlikon, Switzerland.
David TaylorIBM Research Europe, Saeumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rueschlikon, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9759-4084
Govind KaigalaIBM Research Europe, Saeumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rueschlikon, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1145-7287

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We present a new and versatile implementation of rapid and localized immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) comprises a sequence of specific biochemical reactions and allows the detection of specific proteins in tissue sections. For the rapid implementation of IHC, we fabricated horizontally oriented microfluidic probes (MFPs) with functionally designed apertures to enable square and circular footprints, which we employ to locally expose a tissue to time-optimized sequences of different biochemicals. We show that the two main incubation steps of IHC protocols can be performed on MDAMB468-1510A cell block sections in less than 30 min, compared to incubation times of an hour or more in standard protocols. IHC analysis on the timescale of tens of minutes could potentially be applied during surgery, enabling clinicians to react in more dynamically and efficiently. Furthermore, this rapid IHC implementation along with conservative tissue usage has strong potential for the implementation of multiplexed assays, allowing the exploration of optimal assay conditions with a small amount of tissue to ensure high-quality staining results for the remainder of the sample.

Indexed as

ChemistryElectrical and electronic engineering

Identifiers

PMID34567704
PMCPMC8433409

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.