Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34567526›Full record

ReviewClinical and translational allergy2021

Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of daily monitoring visual analog scales in MASK-air®.

Bernardo Sousa-Pinto, Patrik Eklund, Oliver Pfaar, Ludger Klimek, Torsten Zuberbier, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Annabelle Bédard, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Anna Bedbrook, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich and 45 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical and translational allergy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the EQ-5D in diseases of the upper respiratory tract: a systematic review of measurement properties.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Comparison of Allergic Rhinitis Treatments on Utilities and Quality of Life: A MASK-air Study.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026
    Observational
  3. Article
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  7. Adherence to Treatment in Allergic Rhinitis During the Pollen Season in Europe: A MASK-air Study.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025
    Article
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  10. CRUSEClinical and translational allergy · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

55 authors.

Bernardo Sousa-PintoMEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Porto Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1277-3401
Patrik EklundDepartment of Computing Science Umeå University Umeå Sweden.
Oliver PfaarDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital Marburg Philipps Universität Marburg Marburg Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-9639
Ludger KlimekDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Universitätsmedizin Mainz Mainz Germany.
Torsten ZuberbierDepartment of Dermatology and Allergy Comprehensive Allergy Center Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany.
Wienczyslawa CzarlewskiMASK-air Montpellier France.
Annabelle BédardISGlobAL Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain.
Carsten Bindslev-JensenDepartment of Dermatology and Allergy Centre Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA) Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8940-038X
Anna BedbrookMASK-air Montpellier France.
Sinthia Bosnic-AnticevichQuality Use of Respiratory Medicine Group Woolcock Institute of Medical Research The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia.
Luisa BrussinoDepartment of Medical Sciences Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit University of Torino & Mauriziano Hospital Torino Italy.
Victoria CardonaAllergy Section Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Vall d'Hebron & ARADyAL research network Barcelona Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2197-9767
Alvaro A CruzFundação ProAR - Federal University of Bahia Salvador Brazil.
Govert de VriesPeercode BV Geldermalsen The Netherlands.
Philippe DevillierLaboratoire de Pharmacologie UPRES EA220 Pôle des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires Hôpital Foch Université Paris-Saclay Suresnes France.
Wytske J FokkensDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centres Amsterdam the Netherlands.
José Miguel Fuentes-PérezHospital General Regional IMSS General Regional Hospital 1 Dr. Carlos Mac Gregor Sanchez Navarro Mexico City Mexico.
Bilun GemicioğluDepartment of Pulmonary Diseases Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul Turkey.
Tari HaahtelaSkin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.
Yunen Rocío Huerta-VillalobosHospital General Regional IMSS General Regional Hospital 1 Dr. Carlos Mac Gregor Sanchez Navarro Mexico City Mexico.
Juan Carlos IvancevichServicio de Alergia e Immunologia Clinica Santa Isabel Buenos Aires Argentina.
Inger KullDepartment of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden.
Piotr KunaDivision of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Barlicki University Hospital Medical University of Lodz Poland.
Violeta KvedarieneDepartment of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Institute of Biomedical Sciences Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania.
Désirée E Larenas LinnemannCenter of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy Hospital Médica Sur México City Mexico.
Daniel LauneKYomed INNOV Montpellier France.
Michael MakrisAllergy Unit "D Kalogeromitros" 2nd Dpt of Dermatology and Venereology National & Kapodistrian University of Athens "Attikon" University Hospital Athens Greece.
Erik MelénSachs' Children and Youth Hospital Södersjukhuset Stockholm Sweden.
Mário Morais-AlmeidaAllergy Center CUF Descobertas Hospital Lisbon Portugal.
Ralph MösgesMedical Faculty Institute of Medical Statistics, and Computational Biology University of Cologne Cologne Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-810X
Joaquim MullolRhinology Unit & Smell Clinic ENT Department Hospital Clínic Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy IDIBAPS University of Barcelona CIBERES Barcelona Spain.
Robyn E O'HehirDepartment of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia.
Nikolaos G PapadopoulosCenter for Pediatrics and Child Health Institute of Human Development Royal Manchester Children's Hospital University of Manchester Manchester UK.
Ana Margarida PereiraMEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Porto Portugal.
Emmanuel P ProkopakisDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology University of Crete School of Medicine Heraklion Greece.
Fotis PsarrosAllergy Department Athens Naval Hospital Athens Greece.
Frederico S RegateiroAllergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Institute of Immunology Faculty of Medicine Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal.
Sietze ReitsmaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centres Amsterdam the Netherlands.
Boleslaw SamolinskiDepartment of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland.
Nicola ScichilonePROMISE Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy.
Jane da SilvaAllergy Service Internal Medicine Department University Hospital of Federal University of Santa Catarina (HU-UFSC) Florianópolis Brazil.
Cristiana StellatoDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno Salerno Italy.
Ana Todo-BomAllergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Institute of Immunology Faculty of Medicine Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal.
Peter Valentin TomazicDepartment of ENT Medical University of Graz Graz Austria.
Sanna Toppila SalmiSkin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.
Antonio ValeroPneumology and Allergy Department CIBERES and Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy IDIBAPS University of Barcelona Spain.
Arunas ValiulisDepartment of Public Health Vilnius University Institute of Clinical Medicine Clinic of Children's Diseases Institute of Health Sciences Vilnius Lithuania.
Erkka ValovirtaDepartment of Lung Diseases and Clinical Immunology University of Turku Turku Finland.
Michiel van EerdPeercode BV Geldermalsen The Netherlands.
Maria Teresa VenturaUnit of Geriatric Immunoallergology University of Bari Medical School Bari Italy.
Arzu YorganciogluDepartment of Pulmonary Diseases Faculty of Medicine Celal Bayar University Manisa Turkey.
Xavier BasagañaISGlobAL Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain.
Josep M AntóISGlobAL Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain.
Jean BousquetDepartment of Dermatology and Allergy Comprehensive Allergy Center Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4061-4766
João Almeida FonsecaMEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Porto Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMASK-air® is an app that supports allergic rhinitis patients in disease control. Users register daily allergy symptoms and their impact on activities using visual analog scales (VASs). We aimed to assess the concurrent validity, reliability, and responsiveness of these daily VASs.

methodsDaily monitoring VAS data were assessed in MASK-air® users with allergic rhinitis. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating daily VAS values with those of the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) VAS, the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) score, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Allergic Specific (WPAI-AS) Questionnaire (work and activity impairment scores). Intra-rater reliability was assessed in users providing multiple daily VASs within the same day. Test-retest reliability was tested in clinically stable users, as defined by the EQ-5D VAS, CARAT, or "VAS Work" (i.e., VAS assessing the impact of allergy on work). Responsiveness was determined in users with two consecutive measurements of EQ-5D-VAS or "VAS Work" indicating clinical change.

resultsA total of 17,780 MASK-air® users, with 317,176 VAS days, were assessed. Concurrent validity was moderate-high (Spearman correlation coefficient range: 0.437-0.716). Intra-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged between 0.870 (VAS assessing global allergy symptoms) and 0.937 (VAS assessing allergy symptoms on sleep). Test-retest reliability ICCs ranged between 0.604 and 0.878-"VAS Work" and "VAS asthma" presented the highest ICCs. Moderate/large responsiveness effect sizes were observed-the sleep VAS was associated with lower responsiveness, while the global allergy symptoms VAS demonstrated higher responsiveness.

conclusionIn MASK-air®, daily monitoring VASs have high intra-rater reliability and moderate-high validity, reliability, and responsiveness, pointing to a reliable measure of symptom loads.

Indexed as

allergic rhinitismobile healthreliabilityresponsivenessvisual analog scales

Identifiers

PMID34567526
PMCPMC8449952

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.