ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Immunomonitoring of Human Breast Milk Cells During HCMV-Reactivation.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Methods for Preserving Human Milk Cellular and Milk Fat Globule RNA.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Article
- The Legacy of COVID-19 in Breast Milk: The Association of Elevated Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Proteins with Vaccination or Infection.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Breast milk induces the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, promoting human cytomegalovirus infection.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Human cytomegalovirus in breast milk is associated with milk composition and the infant gut microbiome and growth.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Human Cytomegalovirus in breast milk is associated with milk composition, the infant gut microbiome, and infant growth.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Milk Transmission of Mammalian Retroviruses.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Lactation-associated macrophages exist in murine mammary tissue and human milk.Nature immunology · 2023Article
- [Effect of breastfeeding on immune function in infants with human cytomegalovirus infection].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2023Article
- Frequencies of activated T cell populations increase in breast milk of HCMV-seropositive mothers during local HCMV reactivation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A cross-sectional study evidences regulations of leukocytes in the colostrum of mothers with obesity.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Human Breast Milk: From Food to Active Immune Response With Disease Protection in Infants and Mothers.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Breast milk leukocytes may play a role in protecting the infant from pathogens. The dynamics and the role of lymphocytes in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-seropositive mothers shedding HCMV into breast milk during the first months postpartum (p.p.) are mostly unclear. Methods: Breast milk cells were analyzed by Pappenheim panoptic and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase staining as well as by imaging and polychromatic flow cytometry to simultaneously establish their morphological and phenotypic properties. The latter were characterized in HCMV-seropositive and seronegative mothers´ breast milk cells at different time points p.p. Results: Panoptic staining of breast milk cells revealed the presence of monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes and lymphocytes. Imaging flow cytometry data combining phenotypic and morphological analysis identified NKT-like cells, NK cells, epithelial cells, T cells and monocytes/macrophages. HCMV-seropositive but not -seronegative mothers had significantly higher T cell frequencies in mature milk. Conclusions: The presence of lymphocyte subsets in breast milk may be more influenced by the HCMV-seropositivity of the mother than previously recognized.
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