ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
Primary Brainstem Hemorrhage: A Review of Prognostic Factors and Surgical Management.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07300501 (Stereotactic Aspiration of Brain Stem Hematoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Stereotactic Aspiration of Brain Stem Hematoma: a Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surgery for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term integrative personalized medicine care in massive brainstem hemorrhage: A CARE-compliant case report.Medicine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and Safety of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Infratentorial Hemorrhages: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Technical Outcomes.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2026Review
- Characteristics of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients on Factor-Xa Inhibitors: Japan Stroke Data Bank.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Article
- Early systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with mortality and functional outcome in brainstem hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Immediate Brainstem Hemorrhage after Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke With Poorly Controlled Hypertension: Insights From Three Clinical Cases.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2026Article
- 2023 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis : Statement of endorsement by the NVVC Full version.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2026Review
- Comparison of brainstem hematoma volume evaluation techniques with a novel quantitative approach.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Robot-assisted puncture versus conservative treatment for severe brainstem hemorrhage: clinical outcomes comparison with experience of 138 cases in a single medical center.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2025Observational
- Hydrocephalus in primary brainstem hemorrhage risk predictors and management.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia syndrome from a brainstem haemorrhage.Current journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Minimally invasive surgery and neurophysiological monitoring for brainstem hemorrhage: Advancing predictive models with qEEG and TCD.PloS one · 2025Article
- Micro/nanodevice-loaded minimally invasive robot for hematoma evacuation: A novel technology for primary brainstem hemorrhage treatment.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2024Review
- Beyond the womb: pontine hemorrhage's impact on maternal and fetal outcomes: a case report from Nepal.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Stereotactic hematoma puncture and drainage for primary pontine hemorrhage: Clinical outcomes and predictive model.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Curative effect analysis of robot-assisted drainage surgery in treatment of spontaneous hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Delayed neurological improvement in a patient with Duret hemorrhage secondary to an acute subdural hematoma: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2023Article
- A nomogram risk prediction model for poor outcome of primary brainstem hemorrhage based on clinical data and radiographic features.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBSH) is the most fatal subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage and is invariably associated with poor prognosis. Several prognostic factors are involved, of which the two most predominant and consistent are the initial level of consciousness and hemorrhage size. Other predictors, such as age, hyperthermia, and hydrocephalus, are generally not dependable indicators for making prognoses. Scoring systems have now been developed that can predict mortality and functional outcomes in patients suffering from PBSH, which can thus guide treatment decision-making. A novel grading scale, entitled "the new primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) score," represents the latest approach in scoring systems. In this system, patients with a score of 2-3 points appear to benefit from surgical management, although this claim requires further verification. The four main surgical options for the treatment of PBSH are craniotomy, stereotactic hematoma puncture and drainage, endoscopic hematoma removal, and external ventricular drainage. Nevertheless, the management of PBSH still primarily involves conservative treatment methods and surgery is generally not recommended, according to current practice. However, the ongoing clinical trial, entitled Safety and Efficacy of Surgical Treatment in Severe Primary Pontine Hemorrhage Evacuation (STIPE), should provide additional evidence to support the surgical treatment of PBSH. Therefore, we advocate the update of epidemiological data and re-evaluation of PBSH treatment in a contemporary context.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.