ReviewFrontiers in aging neuroscience2021
Vascular Dementia and Underlying Sex Differences.
Review in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Vascular cognitive impairment, 7th edition practice guidelines update, 2024.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Guideline
- Exosomes: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Progress in Vascular Cognitive Impairment.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Inulin alleviates vascular cognitive impairment by restoring prefrontal GABAergic function via microbiota-SCFA-GPR41/43 axis.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex differences in dementia pathology and cognitive performance in a population-based, ethnically diverse Brazilian autopsy study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Nanoparticles in Vascular Dementia: Advantages and Challenges.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Social and Cardiovascular Risk Factors as Predictors of the Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia in a Large EHR Database.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Exploring the Research Progress of Vascular Dementia and Key Regulatory Molecules: E2F1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The enigma of vascular dementia: current state and emerging perspectives.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Association of Physical Activity with Dementia Risk in Cancer Survivors: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study.Cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Trajectories and timing of accelerated decline in specific memory domains preceding Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Exploring the neuroprotective mechanism of Tongqiao Huashuan granules in vascular dementia based on PLCγ1/IP3R signaling pathway.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sex differences in diffusion-weighted imaging outcomes in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Subcortical gray matter atrophy and iron deposition in patients with vascular dementia: a multimodal MRI study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Targeting NDUFS8 in basal forebrain ameliorates cognitive decline related to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.Theranostics · 2026Article
- From artery to memory: a comparative review of vascular cognitive impairment surgical models.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Vascular dementia increases levels of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and cystathionine β-synthase in female patients and changes gene expression of acetylcholine and glutamate clathrin-sculpted transport vesicles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Ginsenoside Rc mitigates hippocampal neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in vascular dementia rats via the pY705-Stat3/Foxo3a and pS727-Stat3/GRIM-19 pathways.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- Latent classes and progression of Mini-Mental State Examination scores in young-onset dementia: Data from the Swedish Dementia Register.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Vascular Dementia Following Experimental Diabetes.Cells · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD); where Alzheimer's accounts for 60-70% of cases of dementia and VaD accounts for 20% of all dementia cases. VaD is defined as a reduced or lack of blood flow to the brain that causes dementia. VaD is also known occasionally as vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) or multi-infarct dementia (MID). VCID is the condition arising from stroke and other vascular brain injuries that cause significant changes to memory, thinking, and behavior, and VaD is the most severe stage while MID is produced by the synergistic effects caused by multiple mini strokes in the brain irrespective of specific location or volume. There are also subtle differences in the presentation of VaD in males and females, but they are often overlooked. Since 1672 when the first case of VaD was reported until now, sex and gender differences have had little to no research done when it comes to the umbrella term of dementia in general. This review summarizes the fundamentals of VaD followed by a focus on the differences between sex and gender when an individual is diagnosed. In addition, we provide critical evidence concerning sex and gender differences with a few of the main risk factors of VaD including pre-existing health conditions and family history, gene variants, aging, hormone fluctuations, and environmental risk factors. Additionally, the pharmaceutical treatments and possible mitigation of risk factors is explored.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.