ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2021
Ketamine: Neuroprotective or Neurotoxic?
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of ketamine in total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Pooled it
- Ketamine for Analgosedation in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Critical care explorations · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of perioperative esketamine administration on the incidence of postoperative delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Pooled it
- Tetramethylpyrazine and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Variations in S-100Β and Neuron-Specific Enolase Levels During Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Under Moderately Controlled Hypotension Using Four Distinct Anesthetic Protocols: A Randomized Controlled Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Trial
- Cognitive and Pyroptotic Outcomes of Neonatal Ketamine and Dexmedetomidine: Potential Neuroprotection via Caspase-1 Modulation.Developmental neurobiology · 2026Article
- Alterations in glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling in ketamine-induced neurotoxicity: mangiferin mitigates neurochemical, oxidative, and astrocytic dysregulation in the rat temporal-frontal cortex.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2026Article
- Structural Neurotoxic and Neuroprotective Effects of Ketamine and Esketamine in Preclinical and Human Studies: A Systematic Review.Research square · 2026Article
- α-tocopherol alleviates ketamine toxicity in rat brain neurons.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Ketamine in Diabetes Care: Metabolic Insights and Clinical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and treatment resistance in major depressive disorder.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Bioengineered human brain organoids and organ-on-chip platforms for exposure-aware assessment of developmental neurotoxicity induced by general anesthetics and sedatives.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Suspected cumulative neuro-ophthalmic toxicity after chronic oral exposure to the veterinary anesthetic tiletamine: a case report.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Pharmacological therapy of neonatal analgosedation: current status, dilemmas, and perspectives.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Chronic High-Dose Ketamine-Induced Apoptosis in the Hippocampus: A Narrative Review.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- Self-Reported Improvements in Comorbid Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Among Real-World Patients Receiving Medical Ketamine: Exploring the Role of Adjunct Therapies.European journal of trauma & dissociation = Revue europeenne du trauma et de la dissociation · 2025Article
- Exploring the Neuroprotective and Neuropsychiatric Symptom Management Potential of Ketamine in Alzheimer's Disease.Cureus · 2025Review
- The diverse effects of ketamine, jack-of-all-trades: a narrative review.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Review
- The impact of ketamine on cognitive outcomes in geriatric anesthesia: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.