ReviewJournal of central nervous system disease2021
Early Identification, Intervention and Management of Post-stroke Spasticity: Expert Consensus Recommendations.
Review in Journal of central nervous system disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- [Validity and reliability of the Tardieu scale for assessing upper limb spasticity in adults with cerebrovascular disease. Systematic review].Revista de neurologia · 2024Pooled it
- The efficacy of virtual reality for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2024Pooled it
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of upper limb spasticity in adults after stroke or traumatic brain injury.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Construction and verification of a nomogram model for predicting the risk of post-stroke spasticity: a retrospective study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-Guided Alcohol Neurolysis for Poststroke Upper Limb Spasticity to Facilitate Arteriovenous Fistula Creation in Hemodialysis: A Case Report.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Article
- Acupoint-to-Acupoint Penetrating Acupuncture as an Add-on to Conventional Care for Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Lower-Limb Spasticity in an Individual With Subacute Stroke: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Real-world use of botulinum toxin-A for post-stroke spasticity in the Netherlands: a retrospective claims study.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Observational
- Baishaoluoshi Decoction Mitigates Post-Stroke Spasticity by Targeting Synaptic Plasticity Through the Nogo-A/NgR Signaling Pathway.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Botulinum toxin A for post-stroke spasticity: Insights from the French National Hospital Discharge Database (2015-2023).European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Botulinum toxin A for post-stroke spasticity: Insights from the French National Hospital Discharge Database (2015-2023).European stroke journal · 2025Article
- Optimizing Recovery: An Opportunity to Improve Access to Post-stroke Rehabilitation Care in Rural Settings.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Excitation-inhibition imbalance in the motor control network: a key factor in post-stroke spasticity.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Modulation of cerebral cortex activity by acupuncture combined with continuous theta-burst stimulation in post-stroke upper limb spasticity: an fNIRS study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Best evidence summary on positioning management in stroke patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stroke patients with spasticity usually require long-lasting care and interventions but frequently report that outpatient and community treatment is limited, reflecting a significant unmet need in health and social care provision. Rehabilitation and spasticity management services are essential for patient recovery, with improvements in both activity and participation reducing the burden on patients, family and society. Current clinical guidance provides scope for improvements in both post-stroke management and spasticity prevention. However, access to specialist services can be limited and the patient journey does not always match national recommendations. Identification of spasticity and its predictors and lack of subsequent referral to rehabilitation or specialist spasticity services are key issues in the management of post-stroke spasticity. Implementation of a traffic light classification system prioritises patients at an increased risk of spasticity and promotes early and consistent management across the spectrum of primary and secondary care. The proposed system is based on clinical evidence, expert consensus and recent clinical guidelines. It provides simple and straightforward criteria for management, multidisciplinary consultation and referral to specialist spasticity services, with patients allocated by monitoring requirements and a low (green/periodic monitoring), medium (amber/routine referral) or high risk (red/urgent referral) of spasticity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.