Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34565456›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2021

Population genetic structure of the malaria vector Anopheles minimus in Thailand based on mitochondrial DNA markers.

Kamonchanok Bunmee, Urusa Thaenkham, Naowarat Saralamba, Alongkot Ponlawat, Daibin Zhong, Liwang Cui, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Patchara Sriwichai

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. An Integrative Assessment ofJournal of tropical medicine · 2026
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  9. [Population Genetic Structure Analysis ofJugan geon-gang gwa jilbyeong · 2025
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  10. Article
  11. Article
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  14. Article
  15. Genetic Diversity, Haplotype Relationships, andTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Kamonchanok BunmeeDepartment of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Urusa ThaenkhamDepartment of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Naowarat SaralambaDepartment of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Alongkot PonlawatDepartment of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand.
Daibin ZhongProgram in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
Liwang CuiDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
Jetsumon SattabongkotMahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Patchara SriwichaiDepartment of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. patchara.sri@mahidol.ac.th.
Mahidol University · THArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science · THMahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit · THUniversity of California, Irvine · USUniversity of South Florida · US

Funding

Southeast Asia Malaria Research CenterU19AI089672 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI CUI, LIWANG · 2010 to 2023
$28.9M
Vivax Malaria culture technique and genetic diversity in ThailandD43TW006571 · FIC · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI CUI, LIWANG · 2004 to 2018
$1.9M
Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch P0108_19_AF_06.01FIC NIH HHS D43 TW006571NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI089672NIH HHS D43TW006571NIH HHS U19AI089672
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe malaria vector Anopheles minimus has been influenced by external stresses affecting the survival rate and vectorial capacity of the population. Since An. minimus habitats have continuously undergone ecological changes, this study aimed to determine the population genetic structure and the potential gene flow among the An. minimus populations in Thailand.

methodsAnopheles minimus was collected from five malaria transmission areas in Thailand using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps. Seventy-nine females from those populations were used as representative samples. The partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) and cytochrome b (Cytb) gene sequences were amplified and analyzed to identify species and determine the current population genetic structure. For the past population, we determined the population genetic structure from the 60 deposited COII sequences in GenBank of An. minimus collected from Thailand 20 years ago.

resultsThe current populations of An. minimus were genetically divided into two lineages, A and B. Lineage A has high haplotype diversity under gene flow similar to the population in the past. Neutrality tests suggested population expansion of An. minimus, with the detection of abundant rare mutations in all populations, which tend to arise from negative selection.

conclusionsThis study revealed that the population genetic structure of An. minimus lineage A was similar between the past and present populations, indicating high adaptability of the species. There was substantial gene flow between the eastern and western An. minimus populations without detection of significant gene flow barriers.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnophelesCytochromes bElectron Transport Complex IVGene FlowGenetic MarkersInsect ProteinsMalariaMitochondriaMosquito VectorsPhylogenyThailandcytochrome C oxidase subunit IICytochromes bElectron Transport Complex IVGenetic MarkersInsect ProteinsAnopheles minimus lineages A and BMalaria vectorMitochondrial protein-coding genesPopulation genetic structureThailand

Identifiers

PMID34565456
PMCPMC8474755
OpenAlexW3202042390

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.