Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34565330›Full record

ArticleBMC nephrology2021

Non-invasive investigation of early kidney damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted (IVIM) MRI.

You-Zhen Feng, Xiao-Qiao Chen, Zhong-Yuan Cheng, Qi-Ting Lin, Ping-Kang Chen, Ding-Kun Si-Tu, Rui Cao, Long Qian, Baoli Heng, Xiang-Ran Cai

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC nephrology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Diabetic nephropathy: Role of nitric oxide.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry · 2025
    Review
  6. Evaluation of Early Renal Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Multiparametric MR Imaging.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

You-Zhen Feng *Medical Imaging Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, No.613 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
Xiao-Qiao Chen *Medical Imaging Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Zhong-Yuan Cheng *Medical Imaging Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, No.613 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
Qi-Ting LinMedical Imaging Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, No.613 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
Ping-Kang ChenMedical Imaging Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, No.613 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
Ding-Kun Si-TuMedical Imaging Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, No.613 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
Rui CaoNephrology Department, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Long QianGE Healthcare, Beijing, China.
Baoli HengYingde Base, Institute of Kidney Surgery, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Xiang-Ran CaiMedical Imaging Center, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, No.613 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. caixran@jnu.edu.cn.
First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University · CNPeking University · CNSun Yat-sen University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe current study investigated the performance of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion (IVIM) technology in monitoring early renal injury in streptozotocin rats.

methodsForty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a control group and a diabetic mellitus (DM) group. Six rats in each group were randomly selected for MR scans at four different time points (0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks). The IVIM-derived parameters (D, D*, f and ADC values) of the renal cortex (CO), outer and inner stripe of the outer medulla (OS, IS), and internal medulla (IM) were acquired. Changes in each IVIM-derived parameter over time were analyzed, and differences between the two groups at each point were assessed. The associations between the IVIM parameters and IV collagen expression, urine volume (UV), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) were investigated.

resultsThe D and D* values of CO and the ADC values of CO, OS, IS and IM displayed significantly different trends between the two groups over time (P<0.05). In addition, significant correlations were discovered between the D* value of CO and UV and BUN (r=0.527, P=0.033; r=0.617, P=0.005), between the ADC value of IM and BUN (r=0.557, P=0.019) and between the f value of IM and BUN (r=0.527, P=0.033). No correlation was found between IVIM parameters and IV collagen expression and Scr.

conclusionsIVIM is a potential sensitive and noninvasive technology for the simultaneous assessment of early renal cortical and medullary injuries induced by diabetes.

Indexed as

AnimalsDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalDiabetic NephropathiesDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingKidneyMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyStreptozocinStreptozocinEarly diabetic nephropathyIntravoxel incoherent motion diffusionNoninvasivePathological correlationStreptozotocin

Identifiers

PMID34565330
PMCPMC8474753
OpenAlexW3203128679

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.