ArticleToxins2021
Effect of Botulinum Toxin on Non-Motor Symptoms in Cervical Dystonia.
Article in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Investigating Sleep Concerns in Cervical Dystonia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- The effect of botulinum neurotoxin injection on non-motor symptoms of cervical dystonia: A prospective cohort.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- Prevalence and treatment effects on non-motor symptoms in cervical dystonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Review
- More than a Movement Disorder: Non-Motor Features and Future Directions in Dystonia Research.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Effect of Botulinum toxin on non-motor symptoms in adult-onset idiopathic focal/segmental dystonia.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- External Factors Modulating Pain and Pain-Related Functional Impairment in Cervical Dystonia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- Vibro-tactile stimulation of the neck reduces pain in people with cervical dystonia: a proof-of-concept study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Memory-Guided Saccades and Non-Motor Symptoms Improve after Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Cervical Dystonia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Does botulinum toxin affect psycho-social aspects in dystonia?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Article
- Longitudinal predictors of health-related quality of life in isolated dystonia.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Pain Reduction in Cervical Dystonia Following Treatment with IncobotulinumtoxinA: A Pooled Analysis.Toxins · 2023Article
- Development of a New Care Pathway for Depression and Anxiety in Adult-Onset Isolated Dystonia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Article
- Effect of botulinum toxin type A on non-motor symptoms and quality of life in Meige syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Longitudinal analysis of the relationship between motor and psychiatric symptoms in idiopathic dystonia.European journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Potential interactions between cerebellar dysfunction and sleep disturbances in dystonia.Dystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with cervical dystonia (CD) may display non-motor symptoms, including psychiatric disturbances, pain, and sleep disorders. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is the most efficacious treatment for motor symptoms in CD, but little is known about its effects on non-motor manifestations. The aim of the present study was to longitudinally assess BoNT-A's effects on CD non-motor symptoms and to investigate the relationship between BoNT-A-induced motor and non-motor changes. Forty-five patients with CD participated in the study. Patients underwent a clinical assessment that included the administration of standardized clinical scales assessing dystonic symptoms, psychiatric disturbances, pain, sleep disturbances, and disability. Clinical assessment was performed before and one and three months after BoNT-A injection. BoNT-A induced a significant improvement in dystonic symptoms, as well as in psychiatric disturbances, pain, and disability. Conversely, sleep disorders were unaffected by BoNT-A treatment. Motor and non-motor BoNT-A-induced changes showed a similar time course, but motor improvement did not correlate with non-motor changes after BoNT-A. Non-motor symptom changes after BoNT-A treatment are a complex phenomenon and are at least partially independent from motor symptom improvement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.