Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34564637›Full record

ReviewToxins2021

Mycotoxins in Poultry Feed and Feed Ingredients from Sub-Saharan Africa and Their Impact on the Production of Broiler and Layer Chickens: A Review.

Phillis E Ochieng, Marie-Louise Scippo, David C Kemboi, Siska Croubels, Sheila Okoth, Erastus K Kang'ethe, Barbara Doupovec, James K Gathumbi, Johanna F Lindahl, Gunther Antonissen

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
10.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Phillis E OchiengLaboratory of Food Analysis, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Marie-Louise ScippoLaboratory of Food Analysis, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
David C KemboiDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Siska CroubelsDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-6357-3517
Sheila OkothSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0002-7803-0301
Erastus K Kang'etheIndependent Researcher, P.O. Box 34405, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
Barbara DoupovecBIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
James K GathumbiDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
Johanna F LindahlDepartment of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0002-1175-0398
Gunther AntonissenDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-8832-1498
University of Nairobi · KEGhent University · BEUniversity of Liège · BEUppsala University · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The poultry industry in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is faced with feed insecurity, associated with high cost of feeds, and feed safety, associated with locally produced feeds often contaminated with mycotoxins. Mycotoxins, including aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), trichothecenes, and zearalenone (ZEN), are common contaminants of poultry feeds and feed ingredients from SSA. These mycotoxins cause deleterious effects on the health and productivity of chickens and can also be present in poultry food products, thereby posing a health hazard to human consumers of these products. This review summarizes studies of major mycotoxins in poultry feeds, feed ingredients, and poultry food products from SSA as well as aflatoxicosis outbreaks. Additionally reviewed are the worldwide regulation of mycotoxins in poultry feeds, the impact of major mycotoxins in the production of chickens, and the postharvest use of mycotoxin detoxifiers. In most studies, AFs are most commonly quantified, and levels above the European Union regulatory limits of 20 μg/kg are reported. Trichothecenes, FBs, ZEN, and OTA are also reported but are less frequently analyzed. Co-occurrences of mycotoxins, especially AFs and FBs, are reported in some studies. The effects of AFs on chickens' health and productivity, carryover to their products, as well as use of mycotoxin binders are reported in few studies conducted in SSA. More research should therefore be conducted in SSA to evaluate occurrences, toxicological effects, and mitigation strategies to prevent the toxic effects of mycotoxins.

Indexed as

Food MicrobiologyAfrica South of the SaharaAnimal FeedAnimal HusbandryAnimalsChickensFemaleMaleMycotoxinsMycotoxinsaflatoxinsco-occurrenceeggsfumonisinsmycotoxicosispoultry feeds

Identifiers

PMID34564637
PMCPMC8473361
OpenAlexW3196664133

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.