Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34564545›Full record

ArticleTropical medicine and infectious disease2021

Are Malaria Risk Factors Based on Gender? A Mixed-Methods Survey in an Urban Setting in Ghana.

Virginia Quaresima, Tsiri Agbenyega, Bismark Oppong, Julia Ann D A Awunyo, Priscilla Adu Adomah, Eunice Enty, Francesco Donato, Francesco Castelli

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Pooled it
  5. Health science reports · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Characterization of Malaria Outbreak in Marsabit County, Kenya, March 2024.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Haematological Profile and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Responsible for Enteric Infections Isolated From Patients Suffering From Malaria and Enteric Infections on Consultation at the Dschang Regional Hospital.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Differential Influence of Environmental Factors on Malaria Due to Vector Control Interventions in Uganda.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Virginia QuaresimaUniversity Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8858-3236
Tsiri AgbenyegaKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.
Bismark OppongHopeXchange Medical Centre, Kumasi, Ghana.
Julia Ann D A AwunyoHopeXchange Medical Centre, Kumasi, Ghana.
Priscilla Adu AdomahHopeXchange Medical Centre, Kumasi, Ghana.
Eunice EntyHopeXchange Medical Centre, Kumasi, Ghana.
Francesco DonatoUniversity Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Francesco CastelliUniversity Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9161-7804
Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine · GHUniversity of Brescia · ITAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia · ITKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology · GH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malaria still represents one of the most debilitating and deadly diseases in the world. It has been suggested that malaria has different impacts on women and men due to both social and biological factors. A gender perspective is therefore important to understand how to eliminate malaria. This study aimed to investigate malaria from a gender perspective in a non-for-profit private health facility, HopeXchange Medical Centre, based in Kumasi (Ghana). A sequential mixed-methods design, comprising quantitative and qualitative methods, was used. This study found low ownership (40%) and use (19%) of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Most malaria cases were women (62%), who were less educated and had more external risk factors associated with infection. Our study reported a trend of preferring malaria self-medication at home, which was practiced mostly by men (43%). Our data suggest that women are more likely to be exposed to malaria infections than men, especially due to their prolonged exposure to mosquito bites during the most dangerous hours. Our study highlighted the need for future malaria control policies to be more focused on social and behavioral aspects and from a gender perspective.

Indexed as

exposure behaviorsgenderinsecticide-treated netsmalariapreventive measures

Identifiers

PMID34564545
PMCPMC8482108
OpenAlexW3121090514

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.