ArticleMetabolites2021
Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Concentration in Early Second Trimester Amniotic Fluid and Its Association with Fetal Growth.
Article in Metabolites, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Native amniotic fluid promotes barrier-associated maturation of the neonatal intestine under physiological conditions.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- New Mechanistic Evidence for Perfluorodecanoic Acid (PFDA) Teratogenicity via CYP26A1-Mediated Retinoic Acid Metabolism and Signaling.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Role of FGF-19, FGF-21 and FGF-23 in Fetal and Neonatal Growth.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Chick Early Amniotic Fluid Alleviates Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice via T-Cell Receptor Pathway.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A: Is There an Association between Bisphenol A in Second Trimester Amniotic Fluid and Fetal Growth?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Is There a Correlation between Apelin and Insulin Concentrations in Early Second Trimester Amniotic Fluid with Fetal Growth Disorders?Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Circulating biomarkers associated with placental dysfunction and their utility for predicting fetal growth restriction.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Altered fetal growth, either reduced or exacerbated, is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of altered growth remain unclear. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and insulin are both considered to be major regulators of tissue growth and metabolism. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of second trimester amniotic fluid FGF21 and insulin concentrations with fetal growth. The amniotic fluid concentrations of FGF21 and insulin were determined in 80 cases of different fetal growth patterns (SGA-small for gestational age, LGA-large for gestational age, and AGA-appropriate for gestational age fetuses). Both peptides were found to be increased in cases of abnormal fetal growth, reduced growth velocity (SGA), or macrosomia (LGA). Specifically, FGF21 was significantly increased, as higher FGF21 levels were observed in the amniotic fluid of SGA and LGA fetuses compared with AGA fetuses (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.