Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34564007›Full record

ArticleGait & posture2021

Motor slacking during resisted treadmill walking: Can visual feedback of kinematics reduce this behavior?

Edward P Washabaugh, Luis H Cubillos, Alexandra C Nelson, Belinda T Cargile, Edward S Claflin, Chandramouli Krishnan

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Gait & posture, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Edward P WashabaughDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Luis H CubillosDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Alexandra C NelsonDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Belinda T CargileDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Edward S ClaflinDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Chandramouli KrishnanDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: mouli@umich.edu.

Funding

Functional Resistance Training during Gait: A Novel Intervention to Improve Knee Function after ACL ReconstructionR21HD092614 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI KRISHNAN, CHANDRAMOULI, PALMIERI-SMITH, RIANN MARIE · 2017 to 2018
$428k
NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD092614
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFunctional resistance training is frequently applied to rehabilitate individuals with neuromusculoskeletal injuries. It is performed by applying resistance in conjunction with a task-specific training, such as walking. However, the benefits of this training may be limited by motor slacking, a phenomenon in which the human body attempts to reduce muscle activation levels or movement excursions to minimize metabolic- or movement-related costs. While kinematic feedback could reduce one's tendency to minimize effort during training, this has not been verified experimentally. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does functional resistance training during walking lead to motor slacking, and can techniques such as visual feedback be used to reduce these effects?

methodsFourteen able-bodied individuals participated in this experiment. Participants were trained by walking on a treadmill while a bidirectional resistance was applied to the knee using a robotic knee exoskeleton. During training, participants were either instructed to walk in a manner that felt natural or were provided real-time visual feedback of their kinematics. Electromyography and knee kinematics were measured to determine if adding resistance to the limb induced slacking and if feedback could reduce slacking behavior. Kinematic aftereffects were measured after training bouts to gauge adaptation.

resultsFunctional resistance training without feedback significantly reduced knee flexion when compared to baseline walking, indicating that participants were slacking. This reduction in knee flexion did not improve with continued training. Providing visual feedback of knee joint kinematics during training significantly increased knee muscle activation and kinematic aftereffects. SIGNIFICANCE: The findings indicate that individuals are susceptible to motor slacking during functional resistance training, which could affect outcomes of this training. However, motor slacking can be reduced if training is provided in conjunction with a feedback paradigm. This finding underscores the importance of using additional methods that externally motivate motor adaptation when the body is not intrinsically motivated to do so.

Indexed as

Feedback, SensoryWalkingAdaptation, PhysiologicalBiomechanical PhenomenaExercise TestGaitHumansBiofeedbackGaitLearningRehabilitationTask-orientedTherapy

Identifiers

PMID34564007
PMCPMC8585707

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.