ArticleSchizophrenia research2021
The impact of cigarette smoking on life expectancy in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar affective disorder: An electronic case register cohort study.
Article in Schizophrenia research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- What is the effect of presenting evidence of the mental vs physical health benefits of quitting smoking on motivation to stop smoking? An online randomised controlled experiment.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Assessing the Needs of Community Mental Health Service Users with Chronic Physical Health Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Study.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Perceived impact of mass media campaign messages on smoking and mental health: an online survey.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Value Based Purchasing to Increase Tobacco Cessation Counseling and Medications in Behavioral Health Homes.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a Tobacco Treatment Specialist Training Program Targeted to Behavioral Health Professionals.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Moderating Role of Cigarette Smoking on the Efficacy of tDCS in the Treatment of Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Smoking prevalence and correlates among inpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Implementation of stop smoking support by mental healthcare professionals: cross-sectional analysis of why nothing much happens.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Estimating the Direct Medical Costs of Smoking-Attributable Non-communicable Diseases in Northeastern Iran From 2015 to 2023.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
- Associations of alcohol and tobacco use with psychotic, depressive and developmental disorders revealed via multimodal neuroimaging.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Moderation of the real-world effectiveness of smoking cessation aids by mental health conditions: A population study.PLOS mental health · 2024Article
- Outpatients with psychotic disorders need physical health-promoting treatment: A cross-sectional multisite study.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Associations between smoking and vaping prevalence, product use characteristics, and mental health diagnoses in Great Britain: a population survey.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Augmentation Therapies as Treatments for Coexisting Somatic Problems in Schizophrenia-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Self-reported depression and anxiety and healthcare professional interactions regarding smoking cessation and nicotine vaping: Findings from 2018 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) Survey.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2023Article
- A survey on clinical natural language processing in the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2022.NPJ digital medicine · 2022Review
- Risk factors for cardiovascular disease among people with mental illness in Namibia.Ghana medical journal · 2022Observational
- The Relationship of Latent Toxoplasmosis and Cigarette Smoking: Seroprevalence, Risk Factor, and Case-Control Study in Fars Province, Southern Iran.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Severe mental disorders are associated with a life expectancy that is 10-20 years shorter than the general population's. The prevalence of cigarette smoking in these populations is very high. We examined the effect of smoking on life expectancy and survival in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar affective disorder from 2007 to 2018 in South East London, UK. Smoking status was determined using unstructured text data extracted from electronic health records. A total of 21,588 patients were identified of which 16,717, (77.4%) were classified as current smokers and 3438 (15.9%) as non-smokers. In female participants, life expectancy at birth was 67.6 years in current smokers (95% CI: 66.4-68.8) and 74.9 years in non-smokers (95% CI: 72.8-77.0), a difference of 7.3 years. In male participants, life expectancy at birth was 63.5 years in current smokers (95% CI: 62.5-64.5) and 68.5 years in non-smokers (95% CI, 64.4-72.6), a difference of 5.0 years. Adjusted survival models found that current smoking status was associated with an increased mortality risk for both females (aHR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.21-1.66, p < 0.001) and males (aHR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.25-1.79, p < 0.001). In terms of the effect sizes, these risks were similar to those associated with a diagnosis of co-morbid alcohol or opioid use disorder. Smoking may account for a substantial proportion of the reduced life expectancy in patients with psychotic disorders. Increased emphasis on reducing cigarette smoking in these populations may be the most effective way to reduce the mortality gap with the general population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.