Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34562282›Full record

ArticleDisasters2021

'Let communities do their work': the role of mutual aid and self-help groups in the Covid-19 pandemic response.

Nils Carstensen, Mandeep Mudhar, Freja Schurmann Munksgaard

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Disasters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Suicide-Related Mortality Trends in Europe, 2012-2021.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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  7. Humanitarian observatories: insights for reforming humanitarianism from below.Journal of international humanitarian action · 2025
    Article
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  11. Coping mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in metropolitan Johannesburg, South Africa: A qualitative study.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Nils CarstensenSenior Researcher and Adviser, Local2Global Protection, Denmark.
Mandeep MudharIndependent Consultant, Local2Global Protection, United Kingdom.
Freja Schurmann MunksgaardMSc (Master of Science) student in international development working with DanChurchAid and Local2Global Protection, Denmark.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

How to respond quickly, effectively, and sensitively to large-scale crises is debated at length in the aid sector. Institutional focuses on projects and outcomes have led to abundant literature on the efficacy of external interventions, while the actions of individuals and communities to meet their own needs remain under researched. This paper seeks to close the gap by joining global trends and specific case studies to explore the scale, breadth, and characteristics of citizen and community-led responses to the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020-21. Using mixed methods, it argues that mutual aid, self-help, and other spontaneous community measures were vital to the early response to Covid-19 globally. Such endeavours have limitations, however, which can be strengthened with the right national and international support. The paper concludes by calling on authorities and aid actors to widen their understanding of 'first response' and provide meaning ful support to mutual aid and local self-help initiatives now and in the future.

Indexed as

COVID-19ForecastingHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Self-Help Groupscollective actioncommunity-ledCovid-19crisis responsehumanitarianmutual aidprotectionself-helpsolidarity

Identifiers

PMID34562282
PMCPMC8653332

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.