ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2022
Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy Criterion Validity as a Biomarker of Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A 2-Site Cross-Sectional Study of 4 Racial or Ethnic Groups.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Reflection Spectroscopy-Based Skin Carotenoid Assessment in Children.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Weight Loss Intervention Promoting an Adapted Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern: The DELISH Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Examining Potential Modifiers of Human Skin and Plasma Carotenoid Responses in a Randomized Trial of a Carotenoid-Containing Juice Intervention.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Evaluation of a Commercial Device Based on Reflection Spectroscopy as an Alternative to Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in Measuring Skin Carotenoid Levels: Randomized Controlled Trial.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Trial
- Reflection Spectroscopy-Assessed Skin Carotenoids Are Sensitive to Change in Carotenoid Intake in a 6-Week Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Skin carotenoid scores are a valid approximation of fruit and vegetable intake among adults with obesity.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Skin Carotenoid Status and Diet Quality in Professional Rugby League Players: An Exploratory Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional analysis of baseline diet quality among participants enrolled in delicious eating for life in the southern homes weight loss randomized trial.Nutrition and health · 2026Article
- Preliminary effectiveness of a food pantry-led community-supported agriculture program in the USA: a quasi-experimental pilot study.Public health nutrition · 2026Observational
- More PEAS Please! Implementation Methodology of a Preschool Program Promoting Healthy Eating, Science, and Language.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2026Article
- Skin carotenoids indicate diet, serum carotenoids, and inflammation across obesity and metabolic status in children.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Association Between Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Skin Carotenoid Levels Among Japanese Adults in the Workplace.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Skin Carotenoid Score Level and Race Affect Intradevice Repeatability of Veggie Meter® at a Single Time Point.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2026Article
- Evaluating a Smoothie-Based Nutrition Education Program to Improve Nutrition Security in Rural Adolescents.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Daily intake of a lycopene-rich juice is associated with reductions in inflammatory markers but not increases in skin carotenoids in a pilot study among participants with obesity.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Examining intra- and inter-device reliability of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy in a multi-state sample of healthy adults.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of Veggie Meter-Assessed Skin Carotenoids and Dietary Intake Among Indigenous Families: The Indigenous Supported Agriculture "Go Healthy" Study.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Two Spectroscopy Devices Can Approximate Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Eating Behaviors and Skin Carotenoids in Pregnant Women: The Moderating Influence of Depressive Symptoms and Income.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Behavioural economics intervention to implement a nutrition ranking system in food pantries: Be Well cluster randomised controlled trial protocol.BMJ public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundValid biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake are needed for field-based nutrition research.
objectivesTo examine criterion-related validity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy as a proxy measure of FV intake, using plasma carotenoids and self-reported FV and carotenoid intake as primary and secondary criterion measures, respectively.
methodsHealthy adults 18-65 y of age, self-identifying as African American/black (n = 61), Asian (n = 53), white (n = 70), or Hispanic (n = 29), in North Carolina and Minnesota were recruited. Skin carotenoids were assessed via pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), skin melanin via spectrophotometer, and total plasma carotenoid concentration by HPLC-photodiode array detection. Self-reported carotenoid and FV intake was assessed using a semiquantitative FFQ. Relations between skin carotenoids, plasma carotenoids, FV, and carotenoid intake, with differences by race or ethnicity, age, sex, weight status, cholesterol, and melanin index, were examined by bivariate correlations and adjusted multivariate linear regressions.
resultsThe overall unadjusted correlation between skin and total plasma carotenoids was r = 0.71 and ranged from 0.64 (non-Hispanic black) to 0.80 (Hispanic). Correlations between skin carotenoids and self-reported FV intake ranged from 0.24 (non-Hispanic black) to 0.53 (non-Hispanic white), with an overall correlation of r = 0.35. In models adjusted for age, sex, racial or ethnic group, and BMI, skin carotenoids were associated with plasma carotenoids (R2 = 0.55), FV (R2 = 0.17), and carotenoid intake (R2 = 0.20). For both plasma carotenoid and FV measures, associations with skin carotenoids did not vary by race, but these relations did differ by skin melanin-those with lower melanin had a lower correlation between skin and plasma carotenoids.
conclusionsReflection spectroscopy-assessed skin carotenoids may be a reasonable alternative to measurement of plasma carotenoids, a biomarker used to approximate FV intake.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.