ArticleClinical and translational science2022
Multisite evaluation of institutional processes and implementation determinants for pharmacogenetic testing to guide antidepressant therapy.
Article in Clinical and translational science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of pharmacogenomic testing for antidepressants use in primary care: a systematic review using the consolidated framework for implementation research.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, SLC6A4, and HTR2A Genotypes and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Guideline
- North Carolina primary care provider perspectives on expanded genomic screening in children.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
- Risk-managed antidepressant prescribing in primary care mental health: what pharmacogenetics can (and cannot) deliver.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Implementation of preemptive pharmacogenetic testing: progress, puzzles and priorities from an implementation science perspective.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Preferences for implementing pharmacogenomics in pediatric primary care: a discrete choice experiment.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Real-World Characterization of Psychiatric Pharmacogenomic Test Ordering and Clinical Relevance in Adults and Children.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Primary Care Provider Perspectives on Expanded Genomic Screening in Children.Research square · 2025Article
- The Perceived Value of Pharmacogenetic Testing in Depression Treatment: Mixed-Methods Results From the PRIME Care Study.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Pharmacogenetics: Opportunities for theAnnual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2025Review
- The Pharmacogenomics Global Research Network Implementation Working Group: global collaboration to advance pharmacogenetic implementation.Pharmacogenetics and genomics · 2025Article
- Normalising the Implementation of Pharmacogenomic (PGx) Testing in Adult Mental Health Settings: A Theory-Based Systematic Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Decoding Pharmacogenomic Test Interpretation and Application to Patient Care.Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP · 2024Article
- Pharmacogenomics implementation across multiple clinic settings: a qualitative evaluation.Pharmacogenomics · 2023Article
- Intersection and Considerations for Patient-Centered Care, Patient Experience, and Medication Experience in Pharmacogenomics.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Pharmacogenomics in practice: a review and implementation guide.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- A Theory-Informed Systematic Review of Barriers and Enablers to Implementing Multi-Drug Pharmacogenomic Testing.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- How to Implement a Pharmacogenetics Service at your Institution.Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP · 2022Article
- Development and Validation of the Minnesota Assessment of Pharmacogenomic Literacy (MAPL).Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Best-worst scaling methodology to evaluate constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research: application to the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing for antidepressant therapy.Implementation science communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is growing interest in utilizing pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing to guide antidepressant use, but there is lack of clarity on how to implement testing into clinical practice. We administered two surveys at 17 sites that had implemented or were in the process of implementing PGx testing for antidepressants. Survey 1 collected data on the process and logistics of testing. Survey 2 asked sites to rank the importance of Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) constructs using best-worst scaling choice experiments. Of the 17 sites, 13 had implemented testing and four were in the planning stage. Thirteen offered testing in the outpatient setting, and nine in both outpatient/inpatient settings. PGx tests were mainly ordered by psychiatry (92%) and primary care (69%) providers. CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 were the most commonly tested genes. The justification for antidepressants selected for PGx guidance was based on Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines (94%) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA; 75.6%) guidance. Both institutional (53%) and commercial laboratories (53%) were used for testing. Sites varied on the methods for returning results to providers and patients. Sites were consistent in ranking CFIR constructs and identified patient needs/resources, leadership engagement, intervention knowledge/beliefs, evidence strength and quality, and the identification of champions as most important for implementation. Sites deployed similar implementation strategies and measured similar outcomes. The process of implementing PGx testing to guide antidepressant therapy varied across sites, but key drivers for successful implementation were similar and may help guide other institutions interested in providing PGx-guided pharmacotherapy for antidepressant management.
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Registered trials
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