Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34561552›Full record

ArticleActa pharmacologica Sinica2021

Disulfiram-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles for treating inflammatory diseases.

An-Te Ou, Jia-Xin Zhang, Yue-Fei Fang, Rong Wang, Xue-Ping Tang, Peng-Fei Zhao, Yu-Ge Zhao, Meng Zhang, Yong-Zhuo Huang

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The gasdermin family: from pyroptosis mechanisms to therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026
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  12. Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) inhibitor formulation via zein-based nanoparticle improves the therapeutic efficacy toward Alzheimer's disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Article
  13. Review
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  15. How Cells Die in Psoriasis?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

An-Te OuState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Jia-Xin ZhangState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Yue-Fei FangState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Rong WangState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Xue-Ping TangState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Peng-Fei ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Yu-Ge ZhaoTongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Meng ZhangDepartment of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
Yong-Zhuo HuangState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. yzhuang@simm.ac.cn.
Chinese Academy of Sciences · CNUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences · CNGuangzhou University · CNGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine · CNNanjing University of Chinese Medicine · CNTongji University · CNWomen's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sepsis is a dysregulated immune response to infection and potentially leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction, which is often seen in serious Covid-19 patients. Disulfiram (DSF), an old drug that has been used to treat alcohol addiction for decades, has recently been identified as a potent inhibitor of the gasdermin D (GSDMD)-induced pore formation that causes pyroptosis and inflammatory cytokine release. Therefore, DSF represents a promising therapeutic for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein with potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities that acts by neutralizing circulating endotoxins and activating cellular responses. In addition, LF has been well exploited as a drug nanocarrier and targeting ligands. In this study, we developed a DSF-LF nanoparticulate system (DSF-LF NP) for combining the immunosuppressive activities of both DSF and LF. DSF-LF NPs could effectively block pyroptosis and inflammatory cytokine release from macrophages. Treatment with DSF-LF NPs showed remarkable therapeutic effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. In addition, this therapeutic strategy was also applied to treat ulcerative colitis (UC), and substantial treatment efficacy was achieved in a murine colitis model. The underlying mode of action of these DSF-LF-NPs may contribute to efficiently suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and ameliorating the complications caused by sepsis and UC. As macrophage pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in inflammation, this safe and effective biomimetic nanomedicine may offer a versatile therapeutic strategy for treating various inflammatory diseases by repurposing DSF.

Indexed as

Colitis, UlcerativeCOVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentLactoferrinSystemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeAcetaldehyde Dehydrogenase InhibitorsAnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsBiomimetic MaterialsDisease Models, AnimalDisulfiramDrug CarriersHumansImmunosuppressive AgentsLipopolysaccharidesMacrophagesAcetaldehyde Dehydrogenase InhibitorsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsDisulfiramDrug CarriersImmunosuppressive AgentsLactoferrinLipopolysaccharidesdisulfiraminflammationlactoferrinmacrophage-targeting deliverypyroptosissepsisulcerative colitis

Identifiers

PMID34561552
PMCPMC8461433
OpenAlexW3199650262

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.