Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34561439›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

High-throughput RNA sequencing of paraformaldehyde-fixed single cells.

Hoang Van Phan, Michiel van Gent, Nir Drayman, Anindita Basu, Michaela U Gack, Savaş Tay

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Advances in Single-Cell Sequencing for Infectious Diseases: Progress and Perspectives.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Hoang Van Phan *Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Michiel van Gent *Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Nir Drayman *Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4460-9558
Anindita BasuDepartment of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9468-3727
Michaela U GackDepartment of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Savaş TayPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. tays@uchicago.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-1912-6020
University of Chicago · USCleveland Clinic · US

Funding

Regulation of Host Innate Immunity Against Viral InfectionR01AI087846 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI GACK, MICHAELA ULRIKE · 2010 to 2020
$3.9M
Regulation of Host Innate Immunity Against Viral InfectionR37AI087846 · NIAID · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI Michaela Ulrike Gack · 2021 to 2026
$2.8M
Ultra-Sensitive Multiplexed Quantification of Proteins Secreted from Single-Cells - Resubmission 01R01GM127527 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI TAY, SAVAS · 2019 to 2022
$1.6M
TRIM protein-mediated innate immune control of KSHV infectionR21AI118509 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI GACK, MICHAELA ULRIKE · 2015 to 2016
$435k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI087846NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI118509NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI087846NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM127527
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Single-cell transcriptomic studies that require intracellular protein staining, rare cell sorting, or inactivation of infectious pathogens are severely limited. This is because current high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing methods are either incompatible with or necessitate laborious sample preprocessing for paraformaldehyde treatment, a common tissue and cell fixation and preservation technique. Here we present FD-seq (Fixed Droplet RNA sequencing), a high-throughput method for droplet-based RNA sequencing of paraformaldehyde-fixed, permeabilized and sorted single cells. We show that FD-seq preserves the RNA integrity and relative gene expression levels after fixation and permeabilization. Furthermore, FD-seq can detect a higher number of genes and transcripts than methanol fixation. We first apply FD-seq to analyze a rare subpopulation of cells supporting lytic reactivation of the human tumor virus KSHV, and identify TMEM119 as a potential host factor that mediates viral reactivation. Second, we find that infection with the human betacoronavirus OC43 leads to upregulation of pro-inflammatory pathways in cells that are exposed to the virus but fail to express high levels of viral genes. FD-seq thus enables integrating phenotypic with transcriptomic information in rare cell subpopulations, and preserving and inactivating pathogenic samples.

Indexed as

3T3 CellsA549 CellsAnimalsCell Line, TumorFlow CytometryFormaldehydeHEK293 CellsHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansMicePolymersReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRNASequence Analysis, RNASingle-Cell AnalysisTranscriptomeFormaldehydeparaformPolymersRNA

Identifiers

PMID34561439
PMCPMC8463713
OpenAlexW3201239023

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.