ReviewClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2022
Designing Clinical Trials for Combination Immunotherapy: A Framework for Glioblastoma.
Review in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Brain barriers at the crossroads of glioma immune surveillance and immunotherapy response.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Precision Immunotherapeutics for Glioblastoma: Current Approaches and Emerging Strategies in 2026.Cells · 2026Review
- SERPINA3 facilitates malignant progression and remodels tumor immune microenvironment in glioma.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma in adults: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Society of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) consensus review on current management and future directions.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- A surgical window of opportunity trial evaluating the effect of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab on tumoral MHC-I expression and CD8Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Peripheral blood-derived immune cell counts as prognostic indicators and their relationship with DNA methylation subclasses in glioblastoma patients.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with malignant glioma-From neuroimmunology to clinical trial design considerations.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- ZnPPIX-Loaded Nanoemulsions Reprogram Immunosuppressive Macrophages in Vitro: A Potential Strategy for Glioblastoma Microenvironment Modulation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Editorial: Combination immunotherapy and immune response assessment of brain tumours.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation: Novel concept for the treatment of glioblastoma and solid cancers by cytokine (interleukin-6) reduction, attenuating the SASP, enhancing tumor immunity.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Review
- Rapid visualization of PD-L1 expression level in glioblastoma immune microenvironment via machine learning cascade-based Raman histopathology.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- Engineering dendritic cell biomimetic membrane as a delivery system for tumor targeted therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- A subregion-based RadioFusionOmics model discriminates between grade 4 astrocytoma and glioblastoma on multisequence MRI.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Re-irradiation of recurrent IDH-wildtype glioblastoma in the bevacizumab and immunotherapy era: Target delineation, outcomes and patterns of recurrence.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2024Article
- Phase I study targeting newly diagnosed grade 4 astrocytoma with bispecific antibody armed T cells (EGFR BATs) in combination with radiation and temozolomide.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Biomarkers for immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Systemic and local immunosuppression in glioblastoma and its prognostic significance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Dendritic cell vaccine trials in gliomas: Untangling the lines.Neuro-oncology · 2023Review
- Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Glioblastoma.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment for many hard-to-treat cancers but has yet to produce significant improvement in outcomes for patients with glioblastoma. This reflects the multiple and unique mechanisms of immune evasion and escape in this highly heterogeneous tumor. Glioblastoma engenders profound local and systemic immunosuppression and is remarkably effective at inducing T-cell dysfunction, posing a challenge to any immunotherapy-based approach. To overcome these mechanisms, multiple disparate modes of immune-oriented therapy will be required. However, designing trials that can evaluate these combinatorial approaches requires careful consideration. In this review, we explore the immunotherapy resistance mechanisms that have been encountered to date and how combinatorial approaches may address these. We also describe the unique aspects of trial design in both preclinical and clinical settings and consider endpoints and markers of response best suited for an intervention involving multiple agents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.