ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2021
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of the neurotrophic factor neuroleukin are increased in early Alzheimer's disease, but not in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Alzheimer's disease progression with YKL40 levels in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Altered tear fluid protein expression in persons with mild cognitive impairment.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Tracing neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: insights from a scoping review on biofluid biomarkers.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation Markers in Tear Fluid of Mild Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Article
- Proximity extension assay in cerebrospinal fluid identifies neurofilament light chain as biomarker of neurodegeneration in sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Nicotine suppresses crystalline silica-induced astrocyte activation and neuronal death by inhibiting NF-κB in the mouse hippocampus.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Fluid biomarkers in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Correction to: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of the neurotrophic factor neuroleukin are increased in early Alzheimer's disease, but not in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeuroleukin (NLK) is a protein with neurotrophic properties and is present in a proportion of senile plaques and amyloid laden vessels. It has been suggested that NLK is part of a neuroprotective response to amyloid β-induced cell death. The aim of our study was to investigate the value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NLK levels as a biomarker of vascular amyloid deposition in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
methodsCSF NLK levels were quantified by ELISA in CAA patients (n = 25) and controls (n = 27) and in two independent samples of aMCI patients, AD patients, and controls: (1) From the Radboud University Medical Center (Nijmegen), we included n = 19 aMCI patients, n = 40 AD patients, and n = 32 controls. (2) From the Hospital of Sant Pau (Barcelona), we included n = 33 aMCI patients, n = 17 AD patients, and n = 50 controls.
resultsCSF NLK levels were similar in CAA patients and controls (p = 0.95). However, we found an elevated CSF concentration of NLK in aMCI (p < 0.0001) and AD patients (p < 0.0001) compared to controls in both samples sets. In addition, we found a correlation of CSF NLK with CSF YKL-40 (age-adjusted-spearman-rank-coefficient = 0.82, p < 0.0001) in aMCI/AD patients, a well-known glial marker of neuro-inflammation.
conclusionsWe found that CSF NLK levels are elevated in aMCI and AD patients compared to controls, but are not increased in CAA patients. CSF NLK levels may be related to an increased neuroinflammatory state in early stages of AD, given its association with YKL-40.
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