Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34560841›Full record

ArticleBMC neurology2021

Effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cerebellar continuous theta burst stimulation on spasticity and limb dyskinesia in patients with stroke.

Dawei Li, Aixia Cheng, Zhiyou Zhang, Yuqian Sun, Yingchun Liu

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

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  2. Effectiveness of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on Post-Stroke motor dysfunction: A Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
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  8. Theta-burst stimulation as a therapeutic tool in neurological pathology: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dawei Li *Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, No. 31, Jinan Road, Dongying, 257000, Shandong, China.
Aixia Cheng *Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, No. 31, Jinan Road, Dongying, 257000, Shandong, China.
Zhiyou ZhangDepartment of Neurological Rehabilitation, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, No. 31, Jinan Road, Dongying, 257000, Shandong, China.
Yuqian SunDepartment of Neurological Rehabilitation, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, No. 31, Jinan Road, Dongying, 257000, Shandong, China.
Yingchun LiuDepartment of Neurological Rehabilitation, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, No. 31, Jinan Road, Dongying, 257000, Shandong, China. liuyingchun_sl@163.com.
Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been reported to treat muscle spasticity in post-stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to explore whether combined low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS) and cerebellar continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) could provide better relief than different modalities alone for muscle spasticity and limb dyskinesia in stroke patients.

methodsThis study recruited ninety stroke patients with hemiplegia, who were divided into LF-rTMS+cTBS group (n=30), LF-rTMS group (n=30) and cTBS group (three pulse bursts at 50 Hz, n=30). The LF-rTMS group received 1 Hz rTMS stimulation of the motor cortical (M1) region on the unaffected side of the brain, the cTBS group received cTBS stimulation to the cerebellar region, and the LF-rTMS+cTBS group received 2 stimuli as described above. Each group received 4 weeks of stimulation followed by rehabilitation. Muscle spasticity, motor function of limb and activity of daily living (ADL) were evaluated by modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scores, respectively.

resultsThe MAS score was markedly decreased, FMA and MBI scores were markedly increased in the three groups after therapy than before therapy. In addition, after therapy, LF-rTMS+cTBS group showed lower MAS score, higher FMA and MBI scores than the LF-rTMS group and cTBS group.

conclusionMuscle spasticity and limb dyskinesia of the three groups are all significantly improved after therapy. Combined LF-rTMS and cTBS treatment is more effective in improving muscle spasticity and limb dyskinesia of patients after stroke than LF-rTMS and cTBS treatment alone.

Indexed as

DyskinesiasStrokeStroke RehabilitationHumansMuscle SpasticityTranscranial Magnetic StimulationTreatment OutcomeUpper ExtremityCerebellar continuous theta burst stimulationDyskinesiaRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationSpasticityStroke

Identifiers

PMID34560841
PMCPMC8461848
OpenAlexW3201426268

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.