Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34558607›Full record

ArticleBioscience reports2021

Enhanced immune response by vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Su-Min Lee, Wooil Choi, Woo-Ri Shin, Yang-Hoon Kim, Jiho Min

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioscience reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Su-Min LeeGraduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, South Korea.
Wooil ChoiGraduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, South Korea.
Woo-Ri ShinSchool of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, South Korea.
Yang-Hoon KimSchool of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, South Korea.
Jiho MinGraduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-6025-7746

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vacuoles are membrane vesicles in eukaryotic cells, the digestive system of cells that break down substances absorbed outside the cell and digest the useless components of the cell itself. Researches on anticancer and intractable diseases using vacuoles are being actively conducted. The practical application of the present study to animals requires the determination of the biocompatibility of vacuole. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in RAW 264.7 cells. This showed a significant increase in the production of nitric oxide (NO) produced by macrophage activity. Using Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) assay, we identified that ROS is increased in a manner dependent on vacuole concentration. Western blot analysis showed that vacuole concentration-dependently increased protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Therefore, iNOS expression was stimulated to induce NO production. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels promoted, such as interleukin (IL) 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α (TNF-α). In summary, vacuoles activate the immune response of macrophages by promoting the production of immune-mediated transporters NO, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Indexed as

Macrophage ActivationAnimalsCyclooxygenase 2CytokinesInflammation MediatorsMacrophagesMiceNitric OxideNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIRAW 264.7 CellsReactive Oxygen SpeciesSaccharomyces cerevisiaeVacuolesCyclooxygenase 2CytokinesInflammation MediatorsNitric OxideNitric Oxide Synthase Type IINos2 protein, mousePtgs2 protein, mouseReactive Oxygen SpeciesCytokineImmunostimulatory activityRAW264.7Saccharomyces cerevisiaeVacuole

Identifiers

PMID34558607
PMCPMC8482065

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.