Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34557897›Full record

ArticleMilitary medicine2023

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Rapidly Heals Two Distinct Critical Sized Segmental Diaphyseal Bone Defects in a Porcine Model.

Todd O McKinley, Paul Childress, Emily Jewell, Kaitlyn S Griffin, Austin E Wininger, Aamir Tucker, Adam Gremah, Michael K Savaglio, Stuart J Warden, Robyn K Fuchs and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Military medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 35% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Muscle injury in orthopaedic trauma.OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2025
    Article
  2. Thrombopoietic agents enhance bone healing in mice, rats, and pigs.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Todd O McKinleyDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolis, IN 46202,USA.
Paul ChildressAnagin Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Emily JewellHand Surgery Associates of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA.
Kaitlyn S GriffinDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Austin E WiningerDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Aamir TuckerMarian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA.
Adam GremahMarian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA.
Michael K SavaglioMarian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA.
Stuart J WardenDepartment of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Robyn K FuchsDepartment of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Roman M NatoliDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202,USA.
Karl D ShivelyDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Jeffrey O AnglenSadhana Boneworks,Indianapolis,IN 46220,USA.
Tien-Min Gabriel ChuIndiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Melissa A KacenaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis · USMarian University - Indiana · USIndiana University School of MedicineAnagin (United States) · USIndiana University Health · USMethodist Hospital · USUniversity of Cincinnati · US

Funding

Quality Assurance and Quality Control Project Management: Improving Submissions and Study Conduct in the Human Subjects Research Prior Approval ProcessUL1TR002529 · NCATS · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI MOE, SHARON M, WIEHE, SARAH ELIZABETH · 2018 to 2022
$27.2M
Resource CoreP30AR072581 · NIAMS · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI Sharon M Moe · 2017 to 2026
$8.3M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002529NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR072581
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSegmental bone defects (SBDs) are devastating injuries sustained by warfighters and are difficult to heal. Preclinical models that accurately simulate human conditions are necessary to investigate therapies to treat SBDs. We have developed two novel porcine SBD models that take advantage of similarities in bone healing and immunologic response to injury between pigs and humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) to heal a critical sized defect (CSD) in two novel porcine SBD models. MATERIALS AND

methodsTwo CSDs were performed in Yucatan Minipigs including a 25.0-mm SBD treated with intramedullary nailing (IMN) and a 40.0-mm SBD treated with dual plating (ORIF). In control animals, the defect was filled with a custom spacer and a bovine collagen sponge impregnated with saline (IMN25 Cont, n = 8; ORIF40 Cont, n = 4). In experimental animals, the SBD was filled with a custom spacer and a bovine collage sponge impregnated with human recombinant BMP-2 (IMN25 BMP, n = 8; ORIF40 BMP, n = 4). Healing was quantified using monthly modified Radiographic Union Score for Tibia Fractures (mRUST) scores, postmortem CT scanning, and torsion testing.

resultsBMP-2 restored bone healing in all eight IMN25 BMP specimens and three of four ORIF40 BMP specimens. None of the IMN25 Cont or ORIF40 Cont specimens healed. mRUST scores at the time of sacrifice increased from 9.2 (±2.4) in IMN25 Cont to 15.1 (±1.0) in IMN25 BMP specimens (P < .0001). mRUST scores increased from 8.2 (±1.1) in ORIF40 Cont to 14.3 (±1.0) in ORIF40 BMP specimens (P < .01). CT scans confirmed all BMP-2 specimens had healed and none of the control specimens had healed in both IMN and ORIF groups. BMP-2 restored 114% and 93% of intact torsional stiffness in IMN25 BMP and ORIF40 BMP specimens.

conclusionsWe have developed two porcine CSD models, including fixation with IMN and with dual-plate fixation. Porcine models are particularly relevant for SBD research as the porcine immunologic response to injury closely mimics the human response. BMP-2 restored healing in both CSD models, and the effects were evident within the first month after injury. These findings support the use of both porcine CSD models to investigate new therapies to heal SBDs.

Indexed as

Fracture Fixation, IntramedullaryWound HealingAnimalsCattleFracture Fixation, InternalHumansSwineSwine, Miniature

Identifiers

PMID34557897
PMCPMC9825249
OpenAlexW3201657577

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.