ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2021
Prevalence and reasons for use of Heated Tobacco Products (HTP) in Europe: an analysis of Eurobarometer data in 28 countries.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of heated tobacco products on biomarkers of potential harm and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tobacco control · 2026Pooled it
- Heated tobacco products for smoking cessation and reducing smoking prevalence.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Relative affordability of heated tobacco products and cigarettes: a cross-country comparative analysis of 55 countries.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Self-reported physical health among people who switched from traditional cigarettes to heated tobacco products: a large-scale national survey.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Recent Trends in Cigarette and HTP Use in Japan: A Scoping Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Aerosols Induce Immune Dysregulation and Barrier Disruption Comparable to Conventional Cigarettes.Allergy · 2026Article
- European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition - tobacco and nicotine containing products, second-hand smoke, alcohol and cancer.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- Association between knowledge of electronic cigarettes and HTPs and intentions to use among university students: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with of use of heated tobacco products and nicotine pouches in the European Union in 2023.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Heated tobacco products in Serbia: Tax differentials, relative prices, and excise tax pass-through.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Heated Tobacco Products: Emerging Health Outcomes and Insights into Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory-Driving Mechanisms.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Perceptions of e-Cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products Among Never Users of Nicotine in the European Union.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- The Health Effects of Heated Tobacco Product Use-A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Changes in Tobacco Use Behavior: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Japan.Journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Morphology and Biochemical Parameters of Young Adults Using Heated Tobacco Products in Poland: A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Is it about substituting an addiction with another? development and initial psychometric properties of the first heated tobacco products addiction questionnaire (HeaTPAQ).Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Changes in Concentration of Selected Biomarkers of Exposure in Users of Classic Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- International Expert Consensus on Relevant Health and Functioning Concepts to Assess in Users of Tobacco and Nicotine Products: Delphi Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHeated Tobacco Products (HTP) are a relatively new class of tobacco products, with limited data on usage patterns. We assessed the prevalence and reasons for use among persons aged ≥15 years in 27 European Union member states and the United Kingdom·.
methodsThe 2020 Eurobarometer (93·2) survey was analysed (n=28,300, aged ≥15). Multi-level regression analyses assessed socio-demographic differences in use while separate analyses investigated reasons for starting to use HTP. Results are presented as adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) and weighted percentages with 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI).
findingsOverall, 6·5% (95% CI 6·1;7·0) of participants had ever used a HTP. 1·3% (1·1%;1·5%) of participants were current users of HTP, and 0·7% (0·6% to 0·9%) daily users. Current and former tobacco smokers were more likely than never tobacco smokers to use HTP (aOR 36·3 (22·9;57·5), and 7·3 (4·3;12·3) respectively. Youth aged 15-24 years of age were substantially more likely to report use, e.g. aOR for ever use=7·77 (6·56;9·21) compared to those aged ≥55 years. 51·3% of ever HTP users reported at least weekly concurrent use of combustible tobacco. Among those who reported ever use of HTP, but not e-cigarettes, the most popular reason for use was the perception that HTP are less harmful than smoking tobacco (39·5%), followed by use by friends (28·4%) and stopping or reducing smoking (28·2%).
interpretationConsiderable numbers of people in the EU have ever used HTP, although current and daily use remains low. Current use is more common among younger people, and current and former smokers.
fundingNone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.