ArticleInnovation (Cambridge (Mass.))2021
Impact of immunization programs on 11 childhood vaccine-preventable diseases in China: 1950-2018.
Article in Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of Three Major Immunization Interventions on Measles Control - China, 1952-2021.China CDC weekly · 2023Pooled it
- Beyond correlation and causation: epistemic caution, anomalous findings, and COVID-19 vaccine safety.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2026Review
- Persistent and widening geographic disparities in liver cancer mortality in China, 1987-2021: a 35-year analysis from a national perspective.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Article
- Trends and cross-county disparities in childhood pneumococcal vaccination in Zhejiang Province, China, 2011-2022.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Incidence and trends for notifiable infectious diseases in Shenyang, China, 2005-2024.BMC public health · 2026Article
- "Is there a link between women's empowerment and childhood vaccination?": A multilevel analysis using the Philippines Demographic and Health Survey Data 2017 and 2022.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Regional disparities, dynamic evolution, and convergence of China's resident health service development levels.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- The adaptive large language models for vaccine prediction: A novel approach to vaccine demand prediction with engineered deviation prompts.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Economic evaluation of national immunization program vaccines in China: a systematic review.Health economics review · 2026Review
- Article
- Administration of non-national immunization program vaccines for children under six in a rural county, Henan Province: Did costs matter?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Parents' preference for the inclusion of pediatric vaccines in the Chinese National Immunization Program: A discrete choice experiment.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of the National Immunisation Programme and the catch-up vaccination on the incidence of hepatitis B in China: an interrupted time series analysis from 2005 to 2019.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Development of a prediction rule for incomplete vaccination among children in Indonesia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of catch-up vaccination from 2009 to 2011 on incidence of hepatitis B in Guangzhou, China: a time series analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Financing the introduction of new vaccines to the national immunisation programme in China: challenges and options for action.BMJ global health · 2025Review
- Global vaccine coverage and childhood survival estimates: 1990-2019.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2024Article
- Advancing the National Immunization Program in an era of achieving universal vaccine coverage in China and beyond.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Article
- The Effectiveness of National Expanded Program on Immunization With Hepatitis A Vaccines in the Chinese Mainland: Interrupted Time-Series Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?Vaccines · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To evaluate the achievements of China's immunization program between 1950 and 2018, we chose 11 vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) as representative notifiable diseases and used annual surveillance data obtained between 1950 and 2018 to derive disease incidence and mortality trends. Quasi-Poisson and polynomial regression models were used to estimate the impacts of specific vaccine programs, and life-table methods were used to calculate the loss of life expectancy, years of life lost, and loss of working years. The total notification number for the 11 VPDs was 211,866,000 from 1950 to 2018. The greatest number occurred in 1959, with a total incidence of 1,723 per million persons. From 1978 to 2018, a substantial decline was observed in the incidence of major infectious diseases. The incidence of pertussis fell 98% from 126.35 to 1.58 per million, and the incidences of measles, meningococcal meningitis, and Japanese encephalitis fell 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively. The regression models showed that most of the 11 diseases exhibited dramatic declines in morbidity after their integration into the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), while varicella and paratyphoid fever, which were not integrated into the EPI, showed increased morbidity. From 1978 to 2018, the total life expectancy for the 11 VPDs increased by 0.79 years, and similar results were obtained for different age groups. China has had great success in controlling VPDs in recent decades, and improving vaccination coverage is a key aspect of controlling VPDs in China.
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