ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2021
Azole Use in Agriculture, Horticulture, and Wood Preservation - Is It Indispensable?
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary trends in antifungal resistance: a meta-analysis.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Method for Analysing Germination of Aspergillus Conidia Using Real-Time Imaging.Journal of basic microbiology · 2026Article
- Mixture Effects Investigation of a Thyroid Hormone System-Specific Interaction with Azole Fungicides.Toxics · 2026Article
- Formal Markovnikov Hydroazolation of Alkenes via Reductive Activation of Alkylthianthrenium Salts.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Chemical Control of Garlic Leaf Blight Through Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based Application.The plant pathology journal · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Fungicide Resistance of the Brown Shot-hole Pathogens of Cherry Trees in Korea.The plant pathology journal · 2026Article
- Addressing the dual-use of antifungals and fungal antimicrobial resistance (fAMR) through a One Health approach.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Review
- The evolution of azole resistance through a reduced spore dormancy pathway associated with loss of SUMOylation function inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Occurrence of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides in household drinking and irrigation water in an intensive floriculture region of Ecuador.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026Article
- Soil Reservoirs of Antifungal-Resistant Fungi: Implications for Plant Disease Management with a Focus onMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Antifungal activity of curcumin nanoparticles and Saccharomyces cerevisiae against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolated from broiler chickens rations in Egypt.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- The dual role of azoles: lifesaving antifungals and drivers of resistance - a One Health perspective.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Azole Resistance inOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Yeast community associated with winter wheat leaves and its sensitivity to fungicides.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Host Response of Winter Wheat to the Causal Agents of Eyespot and Fungicide Resistance of the Pathogens.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Developmental toxicity of fluconazole and 1,2,4-triazole in Xenopus laevis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the Androgen Receptor Binding Affinity of Azole Derivatives through Multiscale Computational and Experimental Approaches.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause significant damage to plant products, compromising both quantities and quality. Even though many elements of agricultural practices are an integral part of reducing disease attacks, modern agriculture is still highly reliant on fungicides to guarantee high yields and product quality. The azoles, 14-alpha demethylase inhibitors, have been the fungicide class used most widely to control fungal plant diseases for more than four decades. More than 25 different azoles have been developed for the control of plant diseases in crops and the group has a world market value share of 20-25%. Azoles have proven to provide long-lasting control of many target plant pathogens and are categorized to have moderate risk for developing fungicide resistance. Field performances against many fungal pathogens have correspondingly been stable or only moderately reduced over time. Hence azoles are still, to date, considered the backbone in many control strategies and widely used as solo fungicides or as mixing partners with other fungicide groups, broadening the control spectrum as well as minimizing the overall risk of resistance development. This review describes the historic perspective of azoles, their market shares and importance for production of major crops like cereals, rice, oilseed rape, sugar beet, banana, citrus, and soybeans. In addition, information regarding use in amenity grass, in the wood preservation industry and as plant growth regulators are described. At the end of the review azoles are discussed in a wider context including future threats following stricter requirements for registration and potential impact on human health.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.