Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34556954›Full record

ArticleAnnals of neurosciences2020

Prevalence of Obesity in India and Its Neurological Implications: A Multifactor Analysis of a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

Murali Venkatrao, Raghuram Nagarathna, Vijaya Majumdar, Suchitra S Patil, Sunanda Rathi, Hongasandra Nagendra

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of neurosciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Obesity in South and Southeast Asia-A new consensus on care and management.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Murali VenkatraoDivision of Yoga and Life Sciences, SVYASA University, Prashanti Kutiram, Jigani, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-045X
Raghuram NagarathnaDivision of Yoga and Life Sciences, SVYASA University, Prashanti Kutiram, Jigani, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Vijaya MajumdarDivision of Yoga and Life Sciences, SVYASA University, Prashanti Kutiram, Jigani, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Suchitra S PatilDivision of Yoga and Life Sciences, SVYASA University, Prashanti Kutiram, Jigani, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Sunanda RathiDivision of Yoga and Life Sciences, SVYASA University, Prashanti Kutiram, Jigani, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Hongasandra NagendraDivision of Yoga and Life Sciences, SVYASA University, Prashanti Kutiram, Jigani, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIndia is undergoing a rapid epidemiological transition, from underweight to overweight/obese population. Obesity is a major risk factor in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and is also implicated as a factor in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. A robust, pan-Indian estimate of obesity is not yet available. PURPOSE: This study estimates the pan-Indian prevalence of obesity, stratified across nonmodifiable (age and gender) and modifiable (education and physical activity levels) factors, and across zones and urban/rural. METHODOLOGY: Data for 1,00,531 adults from a nationwide randomized cluster sample survey (

resultsPrevalence of obesity in India is 40.3%. Zonal variations were seen as follows: south highest at 46.51% and east lowest at 32.96%. Obesity was higher among women than men (41.88% vs. 38.67%), urban than rural (44.17% vs. 36.08%), and over 40 than under 40 (45.81% vs. 34.58%). More education implied a higher obesity (44.6% college vs. 38% uneducated), as did lowered physical activity (43.71% inactive vs. 32.56% vigorously active). The odds ratio for physical activity was 3.83, stronger than age (1.58), education (1.4), urban (1.3), and gender (1.2).

conclusionObesity levels in India are very high, across all zones. The odds of being obese increases with age, and is higher among women and among urban dwellers. Obesity is the highest among aging urban men and women who are college educated and are sedentary. Physical activity and aging are the strongest determinants of obesity. Given the high cost of obesity in terms of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer's disease, urgent public health measures are necessary to reduce its impact.

Indexed as

alzheimerdiabetesNMBObesityobesity prevalence

Identifiers

PMID34556954
PMCPMC8455012

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.