ArticleNature immunology2021
Antimicrobial immunity impedes CNS vascular repair following brain injury.
Article in Nature immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infantile Cocktail of Erythropoietin and Melatonin Restores Gait in Adult Rats with Preterm Brain Injury.Developmental neuroscience · 2022Trial
- Why microglial repair programs fade.Cell research · 2026Article
- Longitudinal in vivo imaging of dynamic immune-vascular responses to meningeal cerebrovascular injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Capillary-Associated Microglia in Neurovascular Coupling: Localization, Mechanisms, and Disease Implications.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Exosome-Based Diagnostics and Cell-Free Therapeutics for Traumatic Brain Injury: From Mechanisms to Bedside.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Live longitudinal imaging of meningeal cerebrovascular injury and its sequelae in adult zebrafish.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Diminished angiogenic capacity in the hippocampus compared to the cortex indicates regional vulnerability.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Revisiting the critical roles of reactive microglia in traumatic brain injury.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- Traumatic brain injury persistently increases the incidence of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes: Potential mechanisms.Progress in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Association of Traumatic Meningeal Enhancement on MRI With Clinical Recovery in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurology · 2025Observational
- Sulfated chitosan directs the recovery of ischemic stroke by attenuating the inflammatory cascade.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammatory Response in the Traumatic Brain Injury: An Update.Neurochemical research · 2024Review
- Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers and Long-Term Motor Score Recovery in Patients With Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Associations of infections and vaccines with Alzheimer's disease point to a role of compromised immunity rather than specific pathogen in AD.Experimental gerontology · 2024Article
- The contribution of the meningeal immune interface to neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- The multifaceted roles of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in inflammatory responses - Potential target to regulate neuroinflammation in acute brain injury.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Review
- Immune checkpoint blockade induces distinct alterations in the microenvironments of primary and metastatic brain tumors.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Melatonin as a Therapy for Preterm Brain Injury: What Is the Evidence?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Monocyte-derived IL-6 programs microglia to rebuild damaged brain vasculature.Nature immunology · 2023Article
- Systemic innate myeloid responses to acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.Seminars in immunopathology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cerebrovascular injury are leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Systemic infections often accompany these disorders and can worsen outcomes. Recovery after brain injury depends on innate immunity, but the effect of infections on this process is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that systemically introduced microorganisms and microbial products interfered with meningeal vascular repair after TBI in a type I interferon (IFN-I)-dependent manner, with sequential infections promoting chronic disrepair. Mechanistically, we discovered that MDA5-dependent detection of an arenavirus encountered after TBI disrupted pro-angiogenic myeloid cell programming via induction of IFN-I signaling. Systemic viral infection similarly blocked restorative angiogenesis in the brain parenchyma after intracranial hemorrhage, leading to chronic IFN-I signaling, blood-brain barrier leakage and a failure to restore cognitive-motor function. Our findings reveal a common immunological mechanism by which systemic infections deviate reparative programming after central nervous system injury and offer a new therapeutic target to improve recovery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.