ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2021
Paracetamol use during pregnancy - a call for precautionary action.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07316387 (Neurobehavioral Development in Toddlers and Preschoolers in Relation to Prenatal Exposure of Mild Analgesics), which is not on this map. Cited by 105 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neurobehavioral Development in Toddlers and Preschoolers in Relation to Prenatal Exposure of Mild Analgesics
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal exposure to paracetamol and risk of autism spectrum disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluation of the evidence on acetaminophen use and neurodevelopmental disorders using the Navigation Guide methodology.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of associations of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure with declining semen quality in support of the derivation of reference doses for mixture risk assessments.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Pooled it
- Paracetamol (acetaminophen) use in infants and children was never shown to be safe for neurodevelopment: a systematic review with citation tracking.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- The use of paracetamol during pregnancy: A qualitative study and possible strategies for a clinical trial.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Paracetamol: A History of Assumptions, Errors, and Evidence Reversals in Pain Management.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Gestational Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Toxicity Induces Behavioral and Structural Brain Defects in Rats.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- HK1-LDHA axis feedback regulation promotes histone lactylation of Wnt5a and mediates prenatal acetaminophen-induced susceptibility to osteoarthritis in male offspring.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- TLR9-mediated innate immune signaling contributes to acetaminophen-induced injury in the developing lung.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- Safety and Effectiveness of Pain Medications for Migraine Management During Pregnancy and Lactation.Paediatric drugs · 2026Review
- A comprehensive overview of the biological foundations of ADHD.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Acetaminophen exposure in an aging population and neurodegenerative outcomes.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- The Prenatal Dilemma: Fever vs Acetaminophen? Navigating a Difficult Choice.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Nano-iron-modified pomegranate peel powder for rapid and recyclable removal of acetaminophen.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Toxicological evaluation of paracetamol and ibuprofen: genetic and hematological alterations in male albino mice.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics of Sertoli and germ cell development in human foetal and prepubertal testis.Biology open · 2026Article
- Is paracetamol in pregnancy a risk factor for ADHD?Nature · 2026Article
- Acetaminophen and pregnancy: common exposure, potential placental impact.Journal of animal science · 2026Review
- Paracetamol exposure during pregnancy, the risk of major congenital malformations, and perinatal and postnatal outcomes: a population-based cohort study.Human reproduction open · 2026Article
- Editorial: From North to South: a global perspective on the impact of endocrine disruptors on reproductive development and function.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), otherwise known as acetaminophen) is the active ingredient in more than 600 medications used to relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce fever. APAP is widely used by pregnant women as governmental agencies, including the FDA and EMA, have long considered APAP appropriate for use during pregnancy when used as directed. However, increasing experimental and epidemiological research suggests that prenatal exposure to APAP might alter fetal development, which could increase the risks of some neurodevelopmental, reproductive and urogenital disorders. Here we summarize this evidence and call for precautionary action through a focused research effort and by increasing awareness among health professionals and pregnant women. APAP is an important medication and alternatives for treatment of high fever and severe pain are limited. We recommend that pregnant women should be cautioned at the beginning of pregnancy to: forego APAP unless its use is medically indicated; consult with a physician or pharmacist if they are uncertain whether use is indicated and before using on a long-term basis; and minimize exposure by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time. We suggest specific actions to implement these recommendations. This Consensus Statement reflects our concerns and is currently supported by 91 scientists, clinicians and public health professionals from across the globe.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.