Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34556793›Full record

ArticleCommunications biology2021

Real-time synthesis of imagined speech processes from minimally invasive recordings of neural activity.

Miguel Angrick, Maarten C Ottenhoff, Lorenz Diener, Darius Ivucic, Gabriel Ivucic, Sophocles Goulis, Jeremy Saal, Albert J Colon, Louis Wagner, Dean J Krusienski and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Temporally structured motor and auditory representations in covert syllable production.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Encoding of speech modes and loudness in ventral precentral gyrus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Miguel AngrickCognitive Systems Lab, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. miguel.angrick@uni-bremen.de.ORCID 0000-0002-7050-3397
Maarten C OttenhoffDepartment of Neurosurgery, School of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7676-1920
Lorenz DienerCognitive Systems Lab, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Darius IvucicCognitive Systems Lab, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Gabriel IvucicCognitive Systems Lab, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Sophocles GoulisDepartment of Neurosurgery, School of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Jeremy SaalDepartment of Neurosurgery, School of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Albert J ColonAcademic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe/Maastricht University Medical Center, Kempenhaeghe, The Netherlands.
Louis WagnerAcademic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe/Maastricht University Medical Center, Kempenhaeghe, The Netherlands.
Dean J KrusienskiASPEN Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Pieter L KubbenDepartment of Neurosurgery, School of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Tanja SchultzCognitive Systems Lab, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Christian HerffDepartment of Neurosurgery, School of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. c.herff@maastrichtuniversity.nl.ORCID 0000-0002-5610-2618

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Speech neuroprosthetics aim to provide a natural communication channel to individuals who are unable to speak due to physical or neurological impairments. Real-time synthesis of acoustic speech directly from measured neural activity could enable natural conversations and notably improve quality of life, particularly for individuals who have severely limited means of communication. Recent advances in decoding approaches have led to high quality reconstructions of acoustic speech from invasively measured neural activity. However, most prior research utilizes data collected during open-loop experiments of articulated speech, which might not directly translate to imagined speech processes. Here, we present an approach that synthesizes audible speech in real-time for both imagined and whispered speech conditions. Using a participant implanted with stereotactic depth electrodes, we were able to reliably generate audible speech in real-time. The decoding models rely predominately on frontal activity suggesting that speech processes have similar representations when vocalized, whispered, or imagined. While reconstructed audio is not yet intelligible, our real-time synthesis approach represents an essential step towards investigating how patients will learn to operate a closed-loop speech neuroprosthesis based on imagined speech.

Indexed as

Brain-Computer InterfacesQuality of LifeSpeechElectrodes, ImplantedFemaleHumansNeural ProsthesesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID34556793
PMCPMC8460739

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.