Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34556761›Full record

Observational studyScientific reports2021

Patient preferences in retinal drug delivery.

Brandon Jacobs, Nicholas Palmer, Trupti Shetty, Helen Dimaras, Amir Hajrasouliha, Denis Jusufbegovic, Timothy W Corson

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. US Patients' Preferences for Geographic Atrophy Treatment.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026
    Article
  5. US Retina Specialists' Preferences for Geographic Atrophy Treatment.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Ref-1 redox activity regulates retinal neovascularization by modulating transcriptional activation of HIF-1α.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Beyond VEGF: Targeting Inflammation and Other Pathways for Treatment of Retinal Disease.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2023
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Brandon Jacobs *Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Nicholas Palmer *Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Trupti ShettyEugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Helen DimarasHospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Amir HajrasoulihaEugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Denis JusufbegovicEugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Timothy W CorsonEugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. tcorson@iu.edu.
Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis · USIndiana University School of MedicineHospital for Sick Children · CANational Institutes of Health · US

Funding

Short-Term Training in Ophthalmology Research for Medical StudentsT35EY031282 · NEI · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI Ashay D Bhatwadekar, John Thompson Lind · 2020 to 2026
$354k
NEI NIH HHS T35 EY031282
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retinal vascular diseases (RVDs) are often treated with intravitreally (IVT) injected drugs, with relatively low patient compliance and potential risks. Ongoing research explores alternative RVD treatments, including eye drops and oral tablets. This study surveyed RVD patients treated with IVT injections to establish factors influencing low compliance rates while gauging treatment delivery method preferences. Demographics, perspectives, and treatment preferences were collected via IRB-approved, self-administered survey sent to Glick Eye Institute patients treated via IVT injections. Demographics, diagnoses, and treatments were ascertained from respondents' medical records. Gender, age, and number of IVT injections received were used as stratifications. Five-level Likert-style scales and t-tests evaluated responses and stratification comparisons. The most common diagnoses in the respondent population (n = 54; response rate = 5%) were age-related macular degeneration, macular edema, and diabetic retinopathy. Respondents had varying levels of education, income, and age. Most (83%) admitted feeling anxious prior to their first IVT injection, but 80% reported willingness to receive IVT injections indefinitely, with a preference for ophthalmologist visits every 1-3 months. Eye drops would be preferred over IVT injections by 76% of respondents, while 65% preferred oral tablets, due to several perceived negative factors of IVT injections and positive factors for eye drops. Stratified groups did not differ in responses to survey questions. RVD patients will accept IVT injections for vision preservation, but alternative delivery methods like eye drops or oral tablets would be preferred. Thus, development of eye drop and oral therapeutics for RVD treatment is further emphasized by these findings.

Indexed as

Administration, IntravesicalAdministration, OralAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAngiogenesis InhibitorsDiabetic RetinopathyFemaleHumansMacular DegenerationMaleMiddle AgedOphthalmic SolutionsPatient CompliancePatient PreferenceSurveys and QuestionnairesAngiogenesis InhibitorsOphthalmic SolutionsTablets

Identifiers

PMID34556761
PMCPMC8460733
OpenAlexW3199813451

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.