Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34556755›Full record

Observational studyScientific reports2021

Clinical features, epidemiology, autoantibody status, HLA haplotypes and genetic mechanisms of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children in Qatar.

Basma Haris, Ikhlak Ahmed, Najeeb Syed, Hakeem Almabrazi, Saras Saraswathi, Sara Al-Khawaga, Amira Saeed, Shihab Mundekkadan, Idris Mohammed, Sanaa Sharari and 15 more

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Gain-of-function mutation inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Basma HarisDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Ikhlak AhmedTranslational Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Najeeb SyedTranslational Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Hakeem AlmabraziTranslational Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Saras SaraswathiDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Sara Al-KhawagaDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Amira SaeedDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Shihab MundekkadanDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Idris MohammedDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Sanaa SharariDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Iman HawariDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Noor HamedDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Houda AfyouniDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Tasneem Abdel-KarimDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Shayma MohammedDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Amel KhalifaDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Maryam Al-MaadheedDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Mahmoud ZyoudDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Ahmed ShamekhDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Ahmed ElawwaDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Mohammed Y KarimDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Fawziya Al-KhalafDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Zohreh Tatari-CalderoneTranslational Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Goran PetrovskiDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
Khalid HussainDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al Luqta Street, Education City North Campus, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar. khussain@sidra.org.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To describe the clinical features, epidemiology, autoantibody status, HLA haplotypes and genetic mechanisms of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Patients (0-18 years) with diabetes were recruited. Clinical data was collected, autoantibodies and c-peptide were measured. Whole Genome Sequencing was performed. Genomic data analysis was compared with the known genes linked with T1DM and HLA alleles were studied. 1096 patients had one or more antibody positivity. The incidence of T1DM in 2020 was 38.05 per 100,000 children and prevalence was 249.73. GADA was the most common autoantibody followed by IAA. Variants in GSTCD, SKAP2, SLC9B1, BANK1 were most prevalent. An association of HLA haplotypes DQA1*03:01:01G (OR = 2.46, p value = 0.011) and DQB1*03:02:01G (OR = 2.43, p value = 0.022) was identified. The incidence of T1DM in Qatar is the fourth highest in the world, IA2 autoantibody was the most specific with some patients only having ZnT8 or IA2 autoantibodies thus underlining the necessity of profiling all 4 autoantibodies. The genes associated with T1DM in the Arab population were different from those that are common in the Caucasian population. HLA-DQ was enriched in the Qatari patients suggesting that it can be considered a major risk factor at an early age.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseAdolescentAllelesAutoantibodiesChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHaplotypesHistocompatibility AntigensHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMalePrevalenceAutoantibodiesHistocompatibility Antigens

Identifiers

PMID34556755
PMCPMC8460652

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.