ArticleBMC biology2021
Self-organising human gonads generated by a Matrigel-based gradient system.
Article in BMC biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioengineering trends in female reproduction: a systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2022Pooled it
- Associations of Bovine Fetal Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Germ Cell Marker Expression in Testicular Organoids.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Chemotherapy-Mediated Purging Before Testicular Organoid Generation Significantly Reduces Cancer Cells While Not Significantly Reducing Germ Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Post-translational modification of proteins in the human testis development pathway.Human reproduction update · 2026Review
- Germline organoids develop in vitro from embryonic Taeniopygia guttata (zebra finch) cultures.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Emerging Frontiers in Ovarian Organoids: Bridging Development,Function, and Disease Modeling: A Review.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2026Article
- In vitro models of the male reproductive system: applications for developmental and reproductive toxicology.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Review
- Construction of testicular organoids and their applications in the field of toxicology.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Building a human pluripotent stem cell-based gonadal niche: improving in vitro systems with in vivo insights.Human reproduction update · 2025Review
- Male fertility restoration with stem cell-based therapies: from testicular stem cells to pluripotent stem cell-based in vitro gametogenesis.Fertility and sterility · 2025Review
- Harnessing TGF-β signaling to improve testicular organoid development from dissociated testicular cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Endocannabinoid system upregulates the enrichment and differentiation of human iPSC- derived spermatogonial stem cells via CB2R agonism.Biological research · 2025Article
- The use of deidentified organ donor testes for research.Andrology · 2025Review
- A new humanHuman reproduction open · 2025Article
- Construction of human pluripotent stem cell-derived testicular organoids and their use as humanized testis models for evaluating the effects of semaglutide.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Silk-Ovarioids: establishment and characterization of a human ovarian primary cell 3D-model system.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
- Review
- Frequency, morbidity and equity - the case for increased research on male fertility.Nature reviews. Urology · 2024Review
- Engineering mesenchymal stem cells for premature ovarian failure: overcoming challenges and innovating therapeutic strategies.Theranostics · 2024Review
- Prior exposure to alkylating agents negatively impacts testicular organoid formation in cells obtained from childhood cancer patients.Human reproduction open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdvances in three-dimensional culture technologies have led to progression in systems used to model the gonadal microenvironment in vitro. Despite demonstrating basic functionality, tissue organisation is often limited. We have previously detailed a three-dimensional culture model termed the three-layer gradient system to generate rat testicular organoids in vitro. Here we extend the model to human first-trimester embryonic gonadal tissue.
resultsTesticular cell suspensions reorganised into testis-like organoids with distinct seminiferous-like cords situated within an interstitial environment after 7 days. In contrast, tissue reorganisation failed to occur when mesonephros, which promotes testicular development in vivo, was included in the tissue digest. Organoids generated from dissociated female gonad cell suspensions formed loosely organised cords after 7 days. In addition to displaying testis-specific architecture, testis-like organoids demonstrated evidence of somatic cell differentiation. Within the 3-LGS, we observed the onset of AMH expression in the cytoplasm of SOX9-positive Sertoli cells within reorganised testicular cords. Leydig cell differentiation and onset of steroidogenic capacity was also revealed in the 3-LGS through the expression of key steroidogenic enzymes StAR and CYP17A1 within the interstitial compartment. While the 3-LGS generates a somatic cell environment capable of supporting germ cell survival in ovarian organoids germ cell loss was observed in testicular organoids.
conclusionThe 3-LGS can be used to generate organised whole gonadal organoids within 7 days. The 3-LGS brings a new opportunity to explore gonadal organogenesis and contributes to the development of more complex in vitro models in the field of developmental and regenerative medicine.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.