ArticleBMC medicine2021
Elevated risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Japanese children with higher genetic susceptibility to ADHD with a birth weight under 2000 g.
Article in BMC medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The reporting and handling of missing data in genetic epidemiological studies of mental health in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics of pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients born with low birth weight, small for gestational age, or preterm.Fukushima journal of medical science · 2026Article
- The relationship between low birth weight and neurological disorders: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- A retrospective single-center study on the characteristics of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder requiring early drug therapy from 2013 to 2022 and changes in treatment over time.Fukushima journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in India: epidemiology, diagnostic inequities, treatment gaps, and public mental health implications.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- The longitudinal effects of neonatal anthropometry on attention problems in males and females.JCPP advances · 2025Article
- Direct and indirect effects of smoking during pregnancy on child development: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Effects of Birth Weight on Longitudinal Behavioral Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Approach Using Polygenic Scores.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- The relationship between screen time and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Chinese preschool children under the multichild policy: a cross-sectional survey.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science - from characterization to cause.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Review
- Examining the relationship between birth weight and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
- Linoleic acid and linoleate diols in neonatal cord blood influence birth weight.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBoth genetic and pre- and perinatal factors, including birth weight, have been implicated in the onset of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits among children. This study aimed to elucidate to what extent the genetic risk of ADHD moderates the association between birth weight and ADHD traits among Japanese children.
methodsWe conducted a longitudinal birth cohort study (Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mother and Children Study) to investigate the association of genetic risk for ADHD and low birth weight with ADHD traits among Japanese children. Out of 1258 children, we included 796 who completed follow-ups at 8 to 9 years of age. Birth weight was categorized as <2000 g, 2000-2499 g, and ≥2500 g. Polygenic risk score for ADHD was generated using the summary data of a large-scale genome-wide association study. The Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS) assessed ADHD traits (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) based on parental reports. Following previous studies, sex, birth order of the child, gestational age at birth, mother's age at delivery, educational attainment, pre-pregnancy body mass index, pre-pregnancy or during pregnancy smoking status, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, father's age, education, and annual family income were considered as covariates. Multivariable negative binomial regression was applied to evaluate the association between birth weight and ADHD traits, while adjusting for potential covariates. The interaction term between birth weight categories and binary polygenic risk was added to the model.
resultsBirth weight of 2000-2499 g was not associated with ADHD traits. Birth weight under 2000 g was significantly associated with both inattention and hyperactivity. When accounting for higher and lower genetic risk for ADHD, only those with higher genetic risk and birth weight < 2000 g were associated with inattention (rate ratio [RR] 1.56, 95% CI 1.07-2.27) and hyperactivity (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.14-3.06).
conclusionsBirth weight under 2000 g, together with the genetic risk of ADHD, contributes to higher levels of ADHD traits among Japanese children aged 8 to 9 years. The suggested association between low birth weight and ADHD is confined to children with a genetic susceptibility to ADHD, indicating the relevance of genetic-environmental interactions in the etiology.
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