ArticleBMC pediatrics2021
Association of cesarean birth with prevalence of functional constipation in toddlers at 3 years of age: results from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infant gut microbiota following cesarean section in the Middle East: a multidisciplinary expert consensus based on a targeted narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Gastrointestinal consequences of cesarean section birth: A systematic review of short- and long-term effects in infancy and beyond.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prospective association between food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis in infancy and constipation after age 3.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Article
- Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increase the incidence of febrile seizures in offspring.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- The ten "hard" questions in pediatric functional constipation.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Review
- Review
- Impact of dog and/or cat ownership on functional constipation at 3 years of age: the Japan Environment and Children's study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Impact of breastfeeding during infancy on functional constipation at 3 years of age: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Cesarean section and parenting stress: Results from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe association between delivery mode and subsequent development of diseases is a growing area of research. Cesarean delivery affects the diversity of the microbiota in the infant gut, which may be associated with gastrointestinal disorders, including functional constipation, in infants. In this study, we investigated the association between delivery mode and prevalence of functional constipation in 3-year-old Japanese toddlers.
methodsThis study used data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, an ongoing nationwide birth cohort study. We analyzed 71,878 toddler-mother pairs. The presence of functional constipation was determined according to the Rome III diagnostic criteria. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression analysis.
resultsThe prevalence of functional constipation in 3-year-old Japanese toddlers was estimated to be 12.3%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the prevalence of functional constipation was higher in toddlers born by cesarean delivery (13.1%) compared with those born by vaginal delivery (12.1%), independent of 22 confounders (adjusted odds ratios = 1.064, 95% confidence interval = 1.004-1.128).
conclusionsWe determined the prevalence of functional constipation in 3-year-old Japanese toddlers and found that delivery mode was associated with the prevalence of functional constipation in Japanese toddlers.
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