Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34555870›Full record

ArticleObstetrics & gynecology science2021

Rate of premalignant and malignant endometrial lesion in "low-risk" premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding undergoing endometrial biopsy.

Sangam Jha, Akanksha Singh, Hemali Heidi Sinha, Poonam Bhadani, Monika Anant, Mukta Agarwal

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Obstetrics & gynecology science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. To do or not to do? - Endometrial biopsy in younger women with abnormal uterine bleeding.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sangam JhaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Science Patna, Bihar, India.
Akanksha SinghDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Science Patna, Bihar, India.
Hemali Heidi SinhaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Science Patna, Bihar, India.
Poonam BhadaniDepartment of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Science Patna, Bihar, India.
Monika AnantDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Science Patna, Bihar, India.
Mukta AgarwalDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Science Patna, Bihar, India.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer (EH/EC) in low-risk premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) undergoing endometrial biopsy and to build a predictive model that includes clinical variables for predicting EH/EC in these women.

methodsThis retrospective study was conducted between January 2015 and March 2020. All premenopausal women aged <55 years with AUB who underwent endometrial sampling during a specified time period were included. Data regarding baseline characteristics, sonographic findings, and histological reports were collected from patient record sheets.

resultsDuring the specified time period, 1,089 premenopausal women underwent endometrial biopsy for AUB. Complete data analysis was done for 1,084 women. Of the endometrial samples, 95.3% revealed benign pathology, whereas 4.7% of the samples had major endometrial pathology EH/EC. On step-wise logistic regression analysis, intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) (OR, 3.15), body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 4.4705), age >40 years (OR, 1.14), endometrial thickness (ET) >13 mm (OR, 2.59), and hypothyroidism (OR, 1.35) were significantly associated with EH/ EC. Considering the pretest probability for an EH/EC of 4.7%, this prediction model with a likelihood ratio of 14.2% demonstrated a post-test probability of 41% in the presence of the above-mentioned variables.

conclusionThe risk of EH/EC was lower in low-risk premenopausal women with AUB. However, premenopausal women with IMB aged >40 years, hypothyroidism, BMI >25 kg/m2, and thickened endometrium (ET >13 mm) are at high risk of EH/EC; therefore, endometrial biopsy should be considered early in their management plan.

Indexed as

BiopsyEndometrial cancerEndometrial hyperplasiaHypothyroidismPremenopausal

Identifiers

PMID34555870
PMCPMC8595040
OpenAlexW3200160062

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.