ArticleBrain and behavior2021
Blink index as a response predictor of blepharospasm to botulinum neurotoxin-A treatment.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- A scoping review of integrated blink analysis technologies for ocular surface diseases.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Lid wiper epitheliopathy and ocular surface dysfunction in benign essential blepharospasm before and after botulinum toxin-A injection.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Cognitive Rehabilitation as a Possible Therapeutic Approach in Patients with Blepharospasm.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Tear film lipid layer thickness and blink dynamics in patients with blepharospasm.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Clinical implications of genetic polymorphisms in blepharospasm.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Recovery of the Ratio of Closure Time during Blink Time in Lacrimal Passage Intubation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Eye-Closure Rate Modulation in Blepharospasm.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Blink index as a response predictor of blepharospasm to botulinum neurotoxin-A treatment.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe investigated the blink profiles and blink index using ocular surface interferometer in the patients with blepharospasm (BSP) and identified points to consider predictive factor after BSP treatment.
methodsIn total, 117 eyelids of 59 elderly patients and 20 eyelids of 10 age-matched control group were studied. All BSP patients applied botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) injection for treatment of BSP. An ocular surface interferometer (LipiView; TearScience, Morrisville, NC, USA) was used to measure blink profile and blink index; total and incomplete blinks/20 s, and the partial blink ratio (PBR). Eyelid blink time (including lid closing time, closure time, lid opening time), interblink times (IBT), closing speeds (OS), and opening speeds (OS) were analyzed using 600 blinks recorded over 20 s.
resultsTotal blink rate was significantly higher in BSP patients compared to the age-matched control group (p = .029) but other time-related and speed-related index including interpalpebral fissure, PBR, blink time, closure time (CT), interblink time, CS, and OS were not significantly different. In the responder of BSP patients, the average age was higher, CT was shorter, CS was faster than nonresponder (age; p = .016, CT; p < .001, CS; p = .042).
conclusionThe blink index by analyzing the blink profile using ocular surface interferometer, and this blink index may be used as a predictive factor for evaluating the clinical response after BoNT-A injection in blepharospasm patients.
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