ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
Characterization of changes in the hemagglutinin that accompanied the emergence of H3N2/1968 pandemic influenza viruses.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acquisition of specific human respiratory tract binding by 2.3.4.4b H5N1 hemagglutinins requires multiple mutations.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Single-component self-assembling protein nanoparticles displaying stabilized prefusion-closed hemagglutinin trimers for influenza vaccine development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- CAPHEINE, or Everything and the Kitchen Sink: A Workflow for Automating Selection Analyses Using HyPhy.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Pre-pandemic contraction, phase-specific rate variation, and site-specific antigenic adaptation shape influenza A(H3N2) evolutionary dynamics in Hubei, China.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Loss of hemagglutination ability by H3N2 influenza A virus, subclade K.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CAPHEINE, or everything and the kitchen sink: a workflow for automating selection analyses using HyPhy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Isolation and characterization of a novel reassortant H3N8 avian influenza virus from chickens in Eastern China.Virus genes · 2026Article
- The receptor binding properties of H5Ny influenza A viruses have evolved to bind to avian-type mucin-like O-glycans.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Epistasis in the receptor-binding domain of contemporary H3N2 viruses that reverted to bind sialylated di-LacNAc repeats.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Obesity on Immunity to the Influenza Virus: Gut Microbiota, Mechanisms, and Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dynamic adaptation mutations and pathogenic characterization of a mouse-adapted seasonal human H3N2 influenza virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Viral factors underlying the pandemic potential of influenza viruses.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- The Q226L mutation can convert a highly pathogenic H5 2.3.4.4e virus to bind human-type receptors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The Q226L mutation can convert a highly pathogenic H5 2.3.4.4e virus to bind human-type receptors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Characterization and Pathogenicity of Novel Reassortment H6N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in Southern China.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Influence of Host Sialic Acid Receptors Structure on the Host Specificity of Influenza Viruses.Viruses · 2022Review
- Effects of Receptor Specificity and Conformational Stability of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin on Infection and Activation of Different Cell Types in Human PBMCs.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The hemagglutinin (HA) of A/H3N2 pandemic influenza viruses (IAVs) of 1968 differed from its inferred avian precursor by eight amino acid substitutions. To determine their phenotypic effects, we studied recombinant variants of A/Hong Kong/1/1968 virus containing either human-type or avian-type amino acids in the corresponding positions of HA. The precursor HA displayed receptor binding profile and high conformational stability typical for duck IAVs. Substitutions Q226L and G228S, in addition to their known effects on receptor specificity and replication, marginally decreased HA stability. Substitutions R62I, D63N, D81N and N193S reduced HA binding avidity. Substitutions R62I, D81N and A144G promoted viral replication in human airway epithelial cultures. Analysis of HA sequences revealed that substitutions D63N and D81N accompanied by the addition of N-glycans represent common markers of avian H3 HA adaptation to mammals. Our results advance understanding of genotypic and phenotypic changes in IAV HA required for avian-to-human adaptation and pandemic emergence.
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Registered trials
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